Etla - research to support policy-making

Research activities focus on two thematic areas

Impact of Economic Policy. The aim is to find out how economic policy can promote competition between companies, improve operating conditions in Finland and boost the competitiveness of Finnish production on the world market.

Impact of Major Movements (Megatrends). Research examines the effects of key major movements (megatrends) on operating conditions in the business sector and the preconditions of Finland’s economic policy.

Research is carried out in four research groups

ETLA Economic Research is engaged in applied economic research with emphasis on questions central to the Finnish economy and business sector.

Labour market and education

Labour market and education

The focus of labour market and education research is the transformation taking place in work and adaptations to it. Technological development, globalisation and demographic changes affect the labour market in many ways and pose challenges to labour force and education policy. This research group investigates these phenomena thoroughly.

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Growth, international trade and competition

Growth, international trade and competition

This research group examines the effects of competition, digitalisation and the data economy, as well as public sector actions such as policy run regulations and how they affect on company strategy, commercial innovations and market operations. One particular topic of interest is what opportunities are available through innovation-driven growth in Finland and what measures could be taken to promote growth. The group also studies how export companies become successful as well as trade policy changes and their economic effects.

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Macroeconomy and public finances

Macroeconomy and public finances

The main focus of public finance research is on issues related to the funding of social security and the division of labour between the private and public sectors. Economic policy is analysed with an emphasis on, the sustainability of public finances and the creation and evaluation of related operational strategies. From a macroeconomic perspective, the group studies the development of both the Finnish economy as a whole and the overall global economy and their effects on Finnish business life.

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Business renewal

Business renewal

The studies deal with the renewal of businesses, industries, and the national economy. Currently, the most significant issues relate to geopolitics and its impact on businesses and industrial policy. Often, the focus is on discontinuities and transitions in corporate structures. Almost every project involves collaboration with companies or other stakeholders.

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Selected research

Research began 2025 Research ends 2026

The project will prepare a concise literature review on the economics of education. The review will compile key research findings from national and international research literature to support societal debate and political decision-making. The project aims to answer the

Research began 2026 Research ends 2026

Leading companies are used as anchors for innovation support, competence development and industrial policy. However, according to a recent Etla study, only around 1.5% of Finnish companies maintain their top productivity positions for several years. This project will provide

Research began 2026 Research ends 2026

The primary objective of the EU's Carbon Border Mechanism is to prevent carbon leakage, i.e. the transfer of production to countries with less stringent climate regulations. Currently, the mechanism only covers direct emissions for iron, steel and aluminium, but

Research began 2025 Research ends 2026

This research project investigates how immigrant and foreign inventors and multinational innovation teams affect the innovation activity and productivity growth of Finnish companies. Analysis of the necessary combination of business register data and patent data, which allows the persons

Research began 2026 Research ends 2027

Finland has committed to increasing research and development (R&D) investments to four percent of gross domestic product by 2030. Achieving this goal requires a significant increase in R&D in all sectors, but at the same time it will strongly

Research began 2026 Research ends 2027

Self-employment has become more common and diverse in recent decades as part of the structural change in working life. Digitalization, the growth of the platform economy, and the spread of invoicing services and other new operating models have increased

Research began 2026 Research ends 2026

The growth and renewal of the modern economy is increasingly based on intangible capital, which includes, in addition to traditional research and development (R&D), software, data, brands, design, and organizational expertise and operating models. In Finland and several other

Research began 2025 Research ends 2026

The main objective of this research project is to understand the overall picture of corporate financing and to produce systematic information to support decision-making. The research provides an up-to-date and comprehensive picture of how different private and public forms

Research began 2025 Research ends 2026

The aging population, changes in the labor market, and tightening public finances highlight the need to allocate educational resources as productively as possible. For this reason, education provision must respond to the needs of the labor market, and transitions

Research began 2025 Research ends 2027

Promoting gender pay equality is one of the most important equality issues in working life. The goal of the 2024–2027 Equal Pay Programme is to narrow the gender pay gap to 14.5 percent by 2027. There is still some

Research began 2025 Research ends 2026

The main objective of this project is to study the effects of public spending cuts and tax increases on gross domestic product (GDP) in Finland by type of expenditure and tax, i.e. to calculate the so-called fiscal policy coefficients,

Research began 2025 Research ends 2027

The research project combines a macroeconomic review of R&D policy with research on innovative companies and individuals. The project provides an overview of the literature on the effects of public R&D funding and examines the effects of public funding