Reports

Reports 156

R&D Activities in the Machinery and Equipment Industry

Ali-Yrkkö JyrkiPajarinen Mika
The machinery and equipment industry accounts for one-third of the R&D activities in the Finnish manufacturing sector. Since 2017,
Reports 155

Service Offshoring, Productivity and Employment

Maczulskij TerhiKässi Otto
Abstract This study utilizes unique Finnish firm-level microdata on service imports, productivity, and employment during the 2002–2016 period. We
Reports 154

Skilled Foreign Workers in Finland

Kauhanen AnttiMaczulskij TerhiRiukula KristaRopponen Olli
This report deals with foreign talent in Finland. The report begins by discussing Finland’s attractiveness from the perspective of
Reports 153

Innovation Cooperation and Its Outcomes in Finnish-owned and Foreign-owned Firms

Ali-Yrkkö JyrkiPajarinen MikaYlhäinen Ilkka
This study examines the outcomes of firms’ innovation cooperation activities. Using data from the Community Innovation Survey (CIS), we
Reports 152

5G in the Era of Geoeconomics: Playbook for Finland?

Rouvinen PetriAli-Vehmas TimoHarakka TimoHyvärinen NinaKoski HeliKässi OttoLakaniemi IlkkaMäki DenisaThorén Kent
As compared to the earlier generations of mobile communications (1G to 4G), the fifth one (5G) is a major
Reports 151

Productivity and Green Transition in Finland

Kuosmanen NataliaKiema IlkkaMaczulskij Terhi
This report discusses the shortcomings of conventional productivity measures that overlook the environmental efforts of firms aiming to reduce
Reports 150

Geopolitics is Changing the Global Economy

Ali-Yrkkö JyrkiKuusela Olli-PekkaKuusi Tero
The new era of geopolitics and geoeconomy significantly alters the economic landscape and the operating environment. It is already
Reports 149

The Future of Work in the Finnish Food Industry: Analysis of the Operating Environment

Kulvik MarttiBerg-Andersson BirgittaNippala VeeraKiema Ilkka
In this report, we present the current state of the Finnish food industry through statistics and propose perspectives on
Reports 148

The Data Act – Insights into the Affected Markets in Finlands

Koski HeliPajarinen Mika
The Data Act, coming into effect in September 2025, imposes new obligations on manufacturers of connected products and providers
Reports 147

Subsidies for Green Transition and Digitalisation in Finland

Kässi Otto
This report examines the allocation of Finland’s green transition and digitalization-related subsidies on an annual basis. The analysis utilizes
Reports 146

Resilience of Companies and Related Factors

Ali-Yrkkö JyrkiKuosmanen NataliaPajarinen MikaYlhäinen Ilkka
This report examines the resilience of firms during crises from two perspectives: their ability to resist crises and their
Reports 145

The Effects of Covid-related Business Subsidies in Finland

Ropponen OlliKoski HeliKässi OttoValmari NelliYlhäinen IlkkaHirvonen Johannes
This study examines the allocation of business subsidies introduced due to the COVID-19 pandemic to different types of companies.
Reports 144

Agglomeration and Productivity: The Effect of Job-to-job Accessibility on Workers and Establishments

Haapamäki TainaHarjunen OskariKauhanen AnttiKuivalainen VeetiRiukula KristaValmari NelliVäänänen Touko
In economics, the regional densification of economic activity is referred to as agglomeration. The effects of agglomeration are often
Reports 143

Mergers and Acquisitions in the Service Sector

Ylhäinen IlkkaPajarinen Mika
We examined mergers and acquisitions in the service sector and the effects of the transition to foreign ownership.
Reports 142

To What Extent Does Finland Engage in International Trade of Services?

Ali-Yrkkö JyrkiKuosmanen Natalia
This report examines the development and composition of Finland’s international trade in services compared to other countries.
Reports 141

Company Size Dynamics and Growth Barriers Among Finnish Companies

Laurikka Annu
The report examines the dynamics of company size classes in Finland and the relationship between growth barriers and company
Reports 140

Green Goods in Finland’s Manufacturing

Kuosmanen NataliaPajarinen Mika
This report examines the production of green goods in Finland’s manufacturing sector. Our findings reveal a notable concentration of
Reports 139

Labour Productivity and Development of Carbon Competitiveness: Industry-Level Evidence from Europe

Kaitila Ville
A drastic decline in global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is needed to stop the climate change. This requires a
Reports 138

Finnish Companies in the Vortex of International Tax Reforms

Ropponen OlliViertola MarikaKari SeppoValkonen Tarmo
International corporate tax system does not succeed very well in taxing the cross-border business of the multinational enterprises. Therefore,
Reports 137

Imports of Services and Offshoring

Ali-Yrkkö JyrkiKuosmanen Natalia
According to our results the imports of services to Finland have increased. The share of services in total imports
Reports 136

The Number of Employed Immigrants Has Increased in Finland

Kangasharju AkiKauhanen AnttiKalmbach AinoValkonen Tarmo
The decline of working age population makes it difficult to find employees. In this report we analyze the evolution
Reports 135

Are Global Value Chains Changing?

Ali-Yrkkö JyrkiHirvonen JohannesPajarinen Mika
According to a company survey, global value chains are changing. Even though big changes were expected during the Covid
Reports 134

Efficiency and Well-being at Work – with Knowledge Towards Balanced Work

Kuusi TeroKulvik MarttiHärmä MikkoRopponen Annina
This project investigated how register data on daily working hours and hospital patients can be used to measure the
Reports 133

Study on Completing Multiple Higher Education Degrees in Finland

Virtanen HannaVanhala Pekka
This brief provides descriptive evidence on completion of multiple higher education degrees in Finland. In the year 2020, there were

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