Reports

Reports 136

The Number of Employed Immigrants Has Increased in Finland

Kangasharju AkiKauhanen AnttiKalmbach AinoValkonen Tarmo
The decline of working age population makes it difficult to find employees. In this report we analyze the evolution
Reports 135

Are Global Value Chains Changing?

Ali-Yrkkö JyrkiHirvonen JohannesPajarinen Mika
According to a company survey, global value chains are changing. Even though big changes were expected during the Covid
Reports 134

Efficiency and Well-being at Work – with Knowledge Towards Balanced Work

Kuusi TeroKulvik MarttiHärmä MikkoRopponen Annina
This project investigated how register data on daily working hours and hospital patients can be used to measure the
Reports 133

Study on Completing Multiple Higher Education Degrees in Finland

Virtanen HannaVanhala Pekka
This brief provides descriptive evidence on completion of multiple higher education degrees in Finland. In the year 2020, there were
Reports 132

Immigration and the Adequacy of Labor Force – Evaluation of the Economic Effects

Alho JuhaKangasharju AkiLassila JukkaValkonen Tarmo
This Report analyzes the impacts of population ageing on the Finnish economy and the possibilities to avoid its negative
Reports 131

Structural Changes in the Finnish Forest-based Sector, and Market and Employment Impacts in 2040

Berg-Andersson BirgittaKulvik MarttiLintunen JussiKunttu JanniOrfanidou Timokleia
Forests can be seen as a source of wood raw material and bioenergy, a recreational area with health benefits,
Reports 130

Public Debt and Economic Growth from the Perspective of Private Investment

Puonti Päivi
Corporate investment is crucial for productivity growth. When economic growth is sluggish and productivity growth weak, the government is
Reports 129

The Life Insurance Gap in Finland

Ropponen OlliKuusi TeroValkonen Tarmo
This report employs individual-level register data to study the coverage and amounts of voluntary term life insurances, the monetary
Reports 128

Revisiting the Economic Impacts of the EU CBAM on Finland and the EU

Kaitila VilleKuusela Olli-PekkaKuusi TeroPohjola JohannaSoimakallio Sampo
We assess the potential impact of the EU carbon border adjustment mechanism (CBAM) based on the European Commission’s proposal
Reports 127

Public Debt and Economic Growth

Puonti Päivi
Public Debt and Economic Growth
Economics literature suggests that, even in the absence of fiscal costs, a persistently high and increasing public debt ratio
Reports 126

Renewal of Companies: Industry Switching as a Form of Structural Change

Kuosmanen NataliaKuosmanen TimoAli-Yrkkö JyrkiPajarinen Mika
Renewal of Companies: Industry Switching as a Form of Structural Change
The contributions of entry and exit of firms to aggregate productivity growth are well-established in the literature. However, the
Reports 125

M&As and Their Economic Effects on Target Companies

Ali-Yrkkö JyrkiMattila JuriPajarinen MikaYlhäinen Ilkka
This study examines mergers and acquisitions and their economic impact on companies. The study examined which companies in Finland
Publications Reports 124

Welfare Traps in Finland

Puonti PäiviKauppi EijaKotamäki MauriRopponen Olli
We analyze the impact of the Finnish tax-benefit system on the financial incentives to take up a job and
Publications Reports 123

The Design of R&D Tax Incentive Schemes and Firm Innovation

Koski HeliFornaro Paolo
The Design of R&D Tax Incentive Schemes and Firm Innovation
Research and development (R&D) tax credits are widely employed among the OECD countries to promote business sector investments in
Publications Reports 122

Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Finland’s Information Economy Sector: A Supply Chain Perspective

Kuosmanen NataliaSeppälä TimoYlhäinen Ilkka
Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Finland’s Information Economy Sector: A Supply Chain Perspective
The environmental benefits and harms of information and communication technology (ICT) have been widely discussed in Finland since 2019.
Publications Reports 121

Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Finland’s Information Economy Sector: A Supply Chain Perspective

Kuosmanen NataliaSeppälä TimoYlhäinen Ilkka
The environmental benefits and harms of information and communication technology (ICT) have been widely discussed in Finland since 2019.
Publications Reports 120

Keep It Simple, Not Stupid – How to Save the EU Fiscal Framework?

Kuusi TeroPuonti Päivi
Keep It Simple, Not Stupid – How to Save the EU Fiscal Framework?
In this paper, we describe key problems of the current EU’s fiscal framework and offer constructive options for its
Publications Reports 119

Competition, Ageing and Lack of Investment

Kangasharju AkiAli-Yrkkö JyrkiKoski HeliKuusi Tero
This report discusses factors that have caused a decrease in tangible investments in machinery and equipment, and intangible assets
Publications Reports 118

EU’s Fiscal Rules: Keep It Simple, Not Stupid!

Kuusi TeroPuonti Päivi
In this paper, we describe key problems of the current EU’s fiscal framework and offer constructive alternatives to reforming
Publications Reports 117

The Role of Competition in Finland’s Weak Development of R&D Investments in the 2010s

Koski Heli
The report’s main objective is to assess the role that competition has played in the weak development of R&D
Publications Reports 116

The Role of the Event Industry in the Finnish Economy

Ali-Yrkkö JyrkiPajarinen Mika
In this study, we analyse the size and role of the Finnish event industry by utilising both industry- and
Publications Reports 115

BITs with a Bite? EU Home Investment Effects of EU-China Bilateral Investment Treaties

Kuusi TeroAli-Yrkkö Jyrki
BITs with a Bite? EU Home Investment Effects of EU-China Bilateral Investment Treaties
In this paper, we study the impacts of bilateral investment treaties (BITs) between the EU countries and China on
Publications Reports 114

Technological Change and Employment

Kauhanen Antti
In order to understand the employment effects of technological progress, it is useful to separate three types of technologies:
Publications Reports 113

Global Supply Chains, Value Added and Production Intensity: Case Semiconductors

Holmström HaraldKenney MartinSeppälä Timo
Global Supply Chains, Value Added and Production Intensity: Case Semiconductors
Semiconductor chips and their production are foundational for future innovation, future developments of digitalization, and economic prosperity. However, the

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