Publikationer

22.12.2025 Working Papers 134

Global Demand, Local Ideas: The Impact of Trade Shocks on Firm Innovation

This paper examines how firms’ innovation activity responds to product- and destination-specific export demand shocks in their export markets.

16.12.2025 Promemoria 170

Fiscal Consolidation in Finland: Lessons from International Research and Preconditions for Success

Tervala JuhaPuonti Päivi

Finland’s public finances are chronically in deficit, and the debt-to-GDP ratio continues to rise. The current government has already

16.12.2025 Rapporter 171

Fiscal Multipliers and the Effects of Consolidation Measures in Finland: Literature Review

Tervala JuhaPuonti Päivi

The chronic fiscal deficits of Finland and the continuous increase of the public debt-to-GDP ratio are likely to require

10.12.2025 Promemoria 169

From Networks to Data: Europe’s Competitiveness Challenges in the 6G Era

Koski HeliRouvinen Petri

The focus of next-generation mobile network development has shifted from infrastructure to data, software, and innovation ecosystems. Leading firms

10.12.2025 Rapporter 170

The Global 5G/6G Race: Regulation, Markets, and Innovation Dynamics

Koski HeliRouvinen Petri

This report examines the global race for 5G and 6G leadership through a comparative analysis of regulation, R&D investment,

01.12.2025 Rapporter 169

Early Childhood Education Teacher Shortages: The Share of Qualified Teachers Varies Regionally

Kalmbach Aino

The share of qualified early childhood education teachers has declined even as the total number of teachers has increased.

18.11.2025 Promemoria 168

Preferential Tax Schemes and High-Skilled Immigration: Lessons for Finland

Kauhanen AnttiRopponen Olli

High-skilled immigration has consistently demonstrated positive effects on firm performance, innovation, and productivity, while generally avoiding adverse impacts on

12.11.2025 Promemoria 167

Shifting Forces of Trade – What Does Geopolitical Reordering Mean for Finland?

Wang Maria

The gravity model is one of the most widely used tools in international economics, explaining trade between countries through

12.11.2025 Promemoria 166

Finland in the Crosscurrents of Geopolitics and Industrial Policy

Ali-Yrkkö JyrkiKuusi Tero

The era of geoeconomics has brought about the return of industrial policy in Finland and elsewhere. We examine the

12.11.2025 Promemoria 165

Searching for the Role of the State – Why Industrial Policy Has Made a Comeback?

Ali-Yrkkö Jyrki

After several decades, Finland has released an industrial policy strategy, joining other European nations such as Germany, Italy, and

10.11.2025 Rapporter 168

What Kind of Companies Grow in Finland?

Ali-Yrkkö JyrkiPajarinen MikaRouvinen PetriYlhäinen Ilkka

Growth in employment and productivity is concentrated in private equity-backed business groups and, to a lesser degree, in foreign-owned

21.10.2025 Akademiska publikationer

Digital Technology Adoption and Firm Performance: Evidence from Finland’s Service Sector Using Linked Microdata

Kuosmanen NataliaPajarinen MikaHeshmati Almas

This study examines how digital technology adoption relates to firm performance in Finland’s private service sector, an ideal case

16.10.2025 Akademiska publikationer

Empirical Strategies and Data Requirements for Estimating Labour Market Impacts of Transport Projects

Riukula KristaVäänänen Touko

Transport infrastructure investment is an important tool for economic development, and its effects on labour market outcomes are often

24.09.2025 Promemoria 164

Bottlenecks in the Development of the Finnish Private Service Sector: How to Accelerate Productivity?

Kuosmanen NataliaKaitila VilleKuusi TeroMaczulskij Terhi

Productivity growth in Finland’s service industries has fallen behind that of peer countries, weakening the economy’s growth potential. This

24.09.2025 Rapporter 167

Productivity in the Finnish Service Industries: Capital Intensity, Labor Allocation, Digitalization, Offshoring and Generative AI

Kuosmanen NataliaKaitila VilleKuusi TeroKässi OttoMaczulskij TerhiPajarinen Mika

This report examines the factors shaping productivity in Finland’s private service industries. Specifically, we focus on the link between

19.09.2025 Working Papers 133

Are Firms Hiring Enough Workers? Firm-level Evidence from Finland’s Manufacturing and Service Industries

Kuosmanen NataliaKuosmanen TimoPajarinen Mika

Microeconomic theory posits that in competitive markets, wages are determined by the marginal revenue product of labor. This study

09.09.2025 Rapporter 166

The Finnish Biotechnology Industry: Present Status, Expansion, and Growth Challenges

Kulvik MarttiPajarinen MikaSarin Christoffer

Over 830 companies operate in Finland’s biotechnology industry. Together, they generate a total turnover of 7.1 billion euros and

01.09.2025 Promemoria 163

Subsidies, But for What? A Comparative Look at Finland’s Green Subsidies

Wang MariaKässi OttoKuusi Tero

This brief examines environmental and energy-related business subsidies in Finland and compares them with those in other EU countries.

25.08.2025 Working Papers 132

Export Demand Shocks and Environmental Performance: Evidence from Finnish Exporters

Maczulskij TerhiJurvanen Outi

This paper examines how firms’ environmental performance responds to product- and destination-specific export demand shocks in their export markets.

22.08.2025 Akademiska publikationer

Cyclical Carbon Productivity and the Role of Innovation

Maczulskij TerhiFornaro Paolo

We examine the cyclicality of carbon productivity and consider innovation as a potential mechanism. We use unique data on

18.08.2025 Promemoria 162

Guilty and Not Guilty Industries for Low Economic Growth

Kangasharju Aki

After a difficult start to the 2010s, the rise in the material living standards in Finland started again in

14.08.2025 Working Papers 131

GenAI, Growth, and the Multi-Sector Multipliers

Kuusi Tero

This paper analyzes the macroeconomic impact of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) on the Finnish economy, integrating recent literature and

13.08.2025 Akademiska publikationer

Firm Resilience During Long-Term Economic Stagnation: Register-Based Analysis of Finnish Manufacturing Firms

Ali-Yrkkö JyrkiKuosmanen NataliaPajarinen MikaYlhäinen Ilkka

Economic resilience, the ability of firms to withstand and recover from economic challenges, has traditionally been studied in response

11.08.2025 Working Papers 130

Privacy Regulation and R&D Investments: Causal Evidence from Global Pharmaceutical and Biotechnology Firms

Koski Heli

This paper examines the effects of data privacy regulation on R&D investment in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology sectors. In