Publikationer

04.08.2025 Promemoria 161

Efficiency or National Interest: The Economic Dilemma of EU Defense

The EU’s defence industry is fragmented and inefficient, which hampers the rapid strengthening of military capabilities. For member states,

23.06.2025 Promemoria 160

Employer Costs of Sickness Absence: Results and Lessons Learned

Kulvik MarttiKuusi TeroLaurikka AnnuValkonen Tarmo

Sickness absence causes a significant loss of value added for employers and increases production costs. The subject is important

23.06.2025 Rapporter 165

The Cost of Short-term Disability in Municipal Workplaces: Costs of Sickness Absence Incurred by Municipal Employers Prior to the Covid-19 Pandemic

Kulvik MarttiKuusi TeroLaurikka AnnuValkonen Tarmo

Sickness absence is a complex and costly problem that affects all parties in the workplace. The aim of our

19.06.2025 Akademiska publikationer

Returns to Adult Learning

Silliman MikkoVirtanen Hanna

Summary A common starting point in understanding investments in learning is that people participate in education when the life-cycle

18.06.2025 Working Papers 129

Intangible Assets in Finnish Business

Pajarinen MikaRouvinen Petri

This working paper investigates intangible investments in Finnish firms from 2014 to 2019, utilizing comprehensive, register-based data from Statistics

11.06.2025 Akademiska publikationer

Assessing Early Labour Market Effects of Generative AI: Evidence from Population Data

Kauhanen AnttiRouvinen Petri

We use data covering all wage earners from Finland to study the impact of generative artificial intelligence (GAI) on

05.06.2025 Rapporter 164

Finland’s Future Growth Depends on Intangible Capital: Why Policy Must Expand Its Scope Beyond R&D

Rouvinen PetriKässi OttoPajarinen Mika

Finland’s future prosperity hinges on intangible assets such as software, data, brands, and organizational capital. While research and development

02.06.2025 Andra publikationer

How is Finland Responding to the Shifts in the Geopolitical Landscape?

Ali-Yrkkö JyrkiKuusela Olli-PekkaKuusi TeroMaczulskij TerhiPajarinen Mika

The world economy is undergoing significant changes, characterized by increasing trade barriers and regional bloc formations. International trade and

26.05.2025 Working Papers 128

Growth in Chains: EU Value Chain Productivity and its Slowdown

Kuusi TeroLähdemäki Sakari

We examine value chain productivity within the EU15 from 1995 to 2017; a period marked by growth and its

21.05.2025 Promemoria 159

Boosting Labour Productivity in Service Sectors with Investments

Kaitila Ville

Labour productivity in service industries in Finland is lower than in peer countries on average. The difference in the

08.05.2025 Akademiska publikationer

Do Green Products Pay Off? Register-based Evidence on Finland’s Manufacturing Firms

Kuosmanen NataliaPajarinen Mika

As environmental concerns reshape market demand, the economic implications of producing green products by firms remain underexplored. This study

28.04.2025 Rapporter 163

Public Sector Wage-Setting: Can an Export-Led Labour Market Model Be Created in Finland?

Kauhanen Antti

The Finnish labour market model has been undergoing a transformation since 2007, and the role of the public sector

22.04.2025 Promemoria 158

Ex-Nokians Eagerly Became Entrepreneurs and Business Angels: Nokia Experience Fueled Rapid Growth of Startups’ Turnovers

Rouvinen PetriBreznitz DanPajarinen Mika

This brief examines entrepreneurship and business angel activity in Finland following the challenges Nokia’s mobile telephony business faced in

17.04.2025 Promemoria 157

Public Finance Perspective from Recent Studies on Finnish Pharmaceutical Markets

Jokelainen AnttoMarkkanen JaakkoSiikanen MarkkuToivanen Otto

Petteri Orpo’s government program plans to reform pharmaceutical and pharmacy regulation in Finland. In this memo, we review some

15.04.2025 Rapporter 162

A Clean Tariff? Effects and Challenges of EU CBAM

Kaitila VilleKuusi TeroPajarinen MikaWang Maria

This study examines the impacts of the European Union’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) on corporate costs, adaptation strategies,

08.04.2025 Rapporter 161

Finnish Business Finance in European Comparison: Money is Not the Key Bottleneck to Economic Growth

Rouvinen PetriYlhäinen Ilkka

Finnish businesses face fewer financial challenges than their European peers. To the extent financial challenges do exist, they disproportionately

02.04.2025 Promemoria 156

The Long-term Effects of Finland’s Recession of the 1990s on Mortality

Maczulskij Terhi

Job loss is one of the most significant negative shocks experienced by an individual. Job loss can lead to

28.03.2025 Akademiska publikationer

Effect of Secondary Education on Cognitive and Non-cognitive Skills

Ollikainen Jani-PetteriPekkarinen TuomasUusitalo RoopeVirtanen Hanna

We examine the effects of secondary education on cognitive and non-cognitive skills using admission cutoffs to general secondary schools.

27.03.2025 Working Papers 127

Service Industries, Capital Intensity, and Labour Productivity

Kaitila Ville

We analyse the development of labour productivity in five service industries in Europe, the United States, and Japan. Vis-à-vis

24.03.2025 Promemoria 155

US Tariffs Would Seriously Hit the Finnish Economy

Ali-Yrkkö Jyrki

The United States has proposed large tariff increases, which will probably also apply to the EU. The majority of

20.03.2025 Promemoria 154

Productivity at its Highest at an Intermediate Intensity of Work from Home

Kangasharju AkiKauhanen AnttiPajarinen MikaRouvinen Petri

We examine the relationship between remote work intensity and labor productivity using a survey of Finnish business leaders conducted

10.03.2025 Promemoria 153

The Impact of Economic Crises on Intangible Investments: Why Did Intangible Investment Decline in Finland?

Kässi Otto

This research note examines the impact of economic crises on intangible investments, with a particular focus on why the

05.03.2025 Rapporter 160

What is Obstructing the Growth of Finnish Companies?

Laurikka Annu

The study examines the relationship between firm size and its management’s subjectively perceived growth constraints and financing limitations. Additionally,

28.02.2025 Akademiska publikationer

Micro-level Structural Change Decomposition of Carbon Productivity: Application to Electricity Generation in Finland

Kuosmanen NataliaKuosmanen TimoMaczulskij Terhi

The transition to renewable energy can lead to major structural changes within the energy sector: climate policies encourage the