Promemoria

Etlas publikationer publiceras vanligtvis på finska och engelska.

Promemoria 138

The Role of Foreign Inventors in Finnish Technological Development

Koski Heli
The data on Finnish patent applications filed at the European Patent Office and the United States Patent and Trademark
Promemoria 137

Decentralization Did Not Increase Wage Differences Among Employee Groups

Kauhanen Antti
Recently, Finnish forest industries shifted from sectoral collective bargaining to firm-level bargaining, and the IT services industry shifted to
Promemoria 136

Does AI Displace Work? The Impact of ChatGPT Launch on the Demand for Work

Kässi Otto
We examine the effects of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) on the labor market, specifically focusing on the impact of
Promemoria 135

Crises and Crisis Resilience – What Do We Know About Them?

Ali-Yrkkö JyrkiKuosmanen NataliaPajarinen MikaYlhäinen Ilkka
The Finnish economy exhibits greater fluctuations than many other countries, which can be attributed, in part, to its relatively
Promemoria 134

The Key to Finland’s Future Growth: Understanding Intangible Capital as a Whole

Koski HeliPajarinen MikaRouvinen Petri
In this brief, we discuss characteristics and consequences of intangible capital, such as brands and patents. The characteristics of
Promemoria 133

How Do Intangible Capital Stocks of Finland, Sweden, and Germany Compare?

Koski HeliPajarinen MikaRouvinen Petri
Investment is an expenditure from which future returns are expected. The portion of past investments that retains potential for
Promemoria 132

Agglomeration Effects Exist but Are Limited

Haapamäki TainaRiukula KristaVäänänen Touko
In economics, the regional densification of economic activity is referred to as agglomeration. The effects of agglomeration are often
Promemoria 131

Business Finland COVID-19 Support Funding – What Was Achieved, and at What Cost?

Hirvonen JohannesKässi OttoRopponen Olli
This paper examines the labour market impacts of Finland’s initial COVID-19 subsidy program, designed to mitigate the economic fallout
Promemoria 130

Companies’ Resilience in the Midst of Crises

Ali-Yrkkö JyrkiDeschryvere MatthiasKoski HeliKuusi Tero
Company Resilience in the era of Globalization project looked at the following three themes: companies’ ability to survive, the
Promemoria 129

Services in Global Competition

Ali-Yrkkö JyrkiKuosmanen NataliaPajarinen MikaYlhäinen Ilkka
Services in Global Competition project examined the internationalization of service companies and service functions. This brief presents the main
Promemoria 128

On the Impacts of Generative Artificial Intelligence

Kauhanen AnttiPajarinen MikaRouvinen Petri
Some one-fifth of Finnish employment is in occupations with at least half of tasks exposed to generative artificial intelligence.
Promemoria 127

Occupational Exposure to Text- and Code-Generating Artificial Intelligence in Finland

Kauhanen AnttiPajarinen MikaRouvinen Petri
About 19% of Finnish employment is in occupations with at least 50% of tasks exposed to Generative Artificial Intelligence
Promemoria 126

According to the Companies’ View, Which Policy Actions Would Increase the R&D Activities of Companies?

Ali-Yrkkö JyrkiPajarinen Mika
Several policy instruments can be used to increase research and product development (R&D). This brief focuses on companies’ views
Promemoria 125

The Consequences of Export Demand Shocks in Swedish and Finnish Exporters

Maczulskij TerhiNilsson Hakkala Katariina
After the financial crisis, Finland’s exports have lagged behind Sweden’s exports. This study analyzes how firms with different financial
Promemoria 124

Production of Green Goods is Concentrated in High-tech Industries

Kuosmanen NataliaPajarinen Mika
The production of green goods in Finland’s manufacturing is concentrated within high-tech industries, particularly in the manufacturing of computer,
Promemoria 123

Carbon Competitiveness is Shaped in Firms

Kaitila Ville
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are now one factor that affects firms’ broader competitiveness. We analyse the development of emission
Promemoria 122

Personality Predicts Entrepreneurial Success

Maczulskij TerhiViinikainen Jutta
Personality is related to labor market success, and entrepreneurship differs from paid employment in several ways. In this research,
Promemoria 121

The Decentralization of Bargaining Did Not Lead to Wage Cuts in Finnish Forest Industries and IT Services

Kauhanen Antti
Recently, Finnish forest industries shifted from sectoral collective bargaining to firm-level bargaining, and the IT services industry shifted to
Promemoria 120

The Devil Is in the Details – Finnish Companies in the Vortex of International Tax Reforms

Ropponen OlliViertola MarikaKari SeppoValkonen Tarmo
International corporate tax system does not succeed very well in taxing the cross-border business of the multinational enterprises. Therefore,
Promemoria 119

Did Digitalization Increase the Resilience of Societies During the COVID-19 Pandemic?

Kässi OttoAli-Yrkkö JyrkiHirvonen JohannesPajarinen Mika
The gross domestic product of countries with high levels of digitalization decreased less during the first year of the
Promemoria 118

Tools to Promote Productivity in Finland

Koski HeliMaliranta Mika
We present an overview of the recent productivity development in Finland. In particular, we focus on what distinguishes companies
Promemoria 117

What Explains the Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions of the Finland’s Manufacturing Sector?

Kuosmanen NataliaMaczulskij Terhi
Energy-intensive industry is one of the largest sources of greenhouse gas emissions in Finland: its share in the total
Promemoria 116

Reigniting Growth Through Innovation: Challenges and Answers

Kuusi TeroAli-Yrkkö JyrkiHelanummi-Cole HeliKoski HeliKovalainen AnneKässi OttoPoutanen SeppoValmari Nelli
The Reigniting growth through innovation project, funded by Business Finland between 2020 and 2022, addressed the key challenges to
Promemoria 115

Forest-based Production in Finland: Conclusions and Recommendations of the FutureForest2040 Project II

Kulvik MarttiLintunen JussiKunttu JanniOrfanidou Timokleia
Forests can be seen as a source of wood raw material and bioenergy, a recreational area with health benefits,

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