Publikationer

24.02.2025 Working Papers 126

Hiring the First Non-native Worker and Exports

This study examines whether non-native workers contribute to firms’ export growth, using matched data spanning nearly three decades and

20.02.2025 Akademiska publikationer

Firm Responses to an Interest Barrier: Empirical Evidence

Harju JarkkoKauppinen IlpoRopponen Olli

In this paper, we study the effects of an interest barrier (IB) that was introduced in Finland in 2014

19.02.2025 Promemoria 152

Finnish Trade Sector Shows Recent Productivity Gains – Future Success Hinges on Intangible Investments

Rouvinen PetriPajarinen MikaAli-Yrkkö Jyrki

We analyze value added, productivity, and tangible and intangible investments in the retail and wholesale trade sectors (hereafter, ”trade”)

18.02.2025 Akademiska publikationer

Optimal Resource Allocation: Convex Quantile Regression Approach

Dai ShengKuosmanen NataliaKuosmanen TimoLiesiö Juuso

Optimal allocation of resources across sub-units in the context of centralized decision-making systems such as bank branches or supermarket

17.02.2025 Rapporter 159

Moving Faster towards a Circular Economy: A Review of Policies and Indicators

Kuusela Olli-PekkaRopponen Olli

Finland’s Strategic Programme for a Circular Economy seeks to increase both resource productivity and circular material use rate twofold

13.02.2025 Andra publikationer

Productivity Development in the Private Sector Services in Finland and Sweden – What Explains the Differences?

Koski Heli

The level of labor productivity in the Finnish services sector has been lower and growing more slowly than in

11.02.2025 Rapporter 158

Economy at a Standstill: The Problem of High Marginal Tax Rates in Finland

Kuusi TeroKotamäki MauriKirkko-Jaakkola Mikael

Our analysis indicates that high marginal tax rates may diminish economic activity and weaken public finances in Finland. The

31.01.2025 Akademiska publikationer

Winners and Losers of Generative AI: Early Evidence of Shifts in Freelancer Demand

Teutloff OleEinsiedler JohannaKässi OttoBraesemann FabianMishkin Pameladel Rio-Chanona R. Maria

We examine how ChatGPT has changed the demand for freelancers in jobs where generative AI tools can act as

28.01.2025 Rapporter 157

The Behavioral Effects of Inheritance, Estate and Gift Taxes

Ropponen Olli

This report examines the behavioral effects of inheritance, estate and gift taxes. It also provides an overview of inheritance,

24.01.2025 Böcker

Industrial Organization Studies on Pharmaceutical Markets

Markkanen Jaakko

This thesis comprises three unpublished essays. The first essay analyzes the effectiveness of consumer choice policies in the Nordic

23.01.2025 Andra publikationer

The Effects of Covid-19 Business Subsidies in Finland – Final Report

Ropponen OlliKoski HeliKässi OttoYlhäinen IlkkaMarkkanen Jaakko

This report evaluates the effectiveness of business support measures introduced in Finland in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. It

20.01.2025 Working Papers 125

Do Public Subsidy Schemes Foster Innovation and Competitiveness in Energy-Intensive Industries?

Koski HeliWang Maria

This study evaluates the impacts of public subsidies on firms in energy-intensive industries, focusing on R&D subsidies and compensation

02.01.2025 Working Papers 124

Immigration and Innovation in Finnish Manufacturing Firms

Maczulskij Terhi

Abstract This study examines the relationship between immigration and firmlevel innovation in the Finnish manufacturing sector. The analysis leverages

31.12.2024 Working Papers 123

Passthrough of Retail Price Regulation in the Market for Pharmaceuticals

Markkanen Jaakko

I study the transmission of pharmacy mark-ups to retail prices and the policy between retail markups and Value Added

30.12.2024 Promemoria 151

Corporate Tax Rate Reduction Is More Beneficial Than You Think

Kangasharju Aki

The way economists usually calculate the effects of corporation tax on the economy is flawed. The reduction in corporation

18.12.2024 Promemoria 150

Assessment of the Size and Impact of the Data Economy in Finland

Koski HeliAnttila JohannesBjörk AnnaDjakonoff VeraKässi OttoNiemi-Hugaerts HannaPajarinen MikaParkkari Jussi-Pekka

Within the scope of the available register data, the role of data in the economy is best estimated using

18.12.2024 Promemoria 149

Databarometer: An International Comparison of the Data Economy

Kässi Otto

This Etla brief introduces a method for comparing the maturity of national data economies using a composite indicator. We

18.12.2024 Andra publikationer

Evaluating the Data Economy: Measurement and Impact Assessment

Koski HeliAnttila JohannesBjörk AnnaDjakonoff VeraKässi OttoNiemi-Hugaerts HannaPajarinen MikaParkkari Jussi-Pekka

The report examines the opportunities and challenges of measuring the size, economic significance, and impact of the data economy

16.12.2024 Akademiska publikationer

Designing Net Asset-Based Income-Splitting Rules under Dual Income Tax

Kari SeppoRopponen Olli

This article revisits the income-splitting regulations within the Nordic dual income tax framework. These regulations were introduced to counteract

13.12.2024 Akademiska publikationer

Effect of Secondary Education on Cognitive and Non-cognitive Skills

Ollikainen Jani-PetteriPekkarinen TuomasUusitalo RoopeVirtanen Hanna

We examine the effects of secondary education on cognitive and non-cognitive skills using admission cutoffs to general secondary schools.

13.12.2024 Promemoria 148

Population of Finland, 2025–2070

Alho JuhaValkonen Tarmo

A cohort-component forecast is based on assumptions regarding future fertility, mortality and net migration. In the trend forecast at

12.12.2024 Rapporter 156

R&D Activities in the Machinery and Equipment Industry

Ali-Yrkkö JyrkiPajarinen Mika

The machinery and equipment industry accounts for one-third of the R&D activities in the Finnish manufacturing sector. Since 2017,

11.12.2024 Promemoria 147

Innovation-led Pathways to Economic Growth

Koski HeliKuosmanen NataliaKuusi Tero

This brief presents key findings from Etla’s “Innovation-Driven Pathways to Economic Growth” project, which deepen the understanding of the

04.12.2024 Rapporter 155

Service Offshoring, Productivity and Employment

Maczulskij TerhiKässi Otto

Abstract This study utilizes unique Finnish firm-level microdata on service imports, productivity, and employment during the 2002–2016 period. We