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The main objective of this research project is to understand the overall picture of corporate financing and to produce systematic information to support decision-making. The research provides an up-to-date and comprehensive picture of how different private and public forms
The aging population, changes in the labor market, and tightening public finances highlight the need to allocate educational resources as productively as possible. For this reason, education provision must respond to the needs of the labor market, and transitions
Promoting gender pay equality is one of the most important equality issues in working life. The goal of the 2024–2027 Equal Pay Programme is to narrow the gender pay gap to 14.5 percent by 2027. There is still some
The research project combines a macroeconomic review of R&D policy with research on innovative companies and individuals. The project provides an overview of the literature on the effects of public R&D funding and examines the effects of public funding
Finland has strong fundamentals in terms of education, research and development and the quality of its institutions. Despite this, Finland’s productivity growth has slowed significantly since the financial crisis and has diverged from other Nordic countries. The main reason
This research project provides a framework for Finnish innovation and industrial policy thinking. The need for a new framework is rooted in the transition from the previous era of “great moderation” globalization to the current era of geoeconomics defined
This project will provide information on the forces of change shaping business and the labour market, and on the welfare effects of innovation and the green transition. Research topics and questions include, for example, the impact of artificial intelligence
The Academy of Finland’s Research Council for Culture and Society has granted Hanna Virtanen, a chief research scientist at Etla, Academy Research Fellow funding. The four-year project “Education and inclusive growth” begins in September 2023. Academy Research Fellowship funding
This research project provides a broad understanding of the causes, consequences and solutions related to population ageing. It examines various phases of the individual life course, including family formation, working life and health and care at the end of
The primary objective of the EU's Carbon Border Mechanism is to prevent carbon leakage, i.e. the transfer of production to countries with less stringent climate regulations. Currently, the mechanism only covers direct emissions for iron, steel and aluminium, but
The main objective of this project is to study the effects of public spending cuts and tax increases on gross domestic product (GDP) in Finland by type of expenditure and tax, i.e. to calculate the so-called fiscal policy coefficients,
The operational landscape for Nordic countries and other small open economies is undergoing significant changes due to rising geopolitical tensions, heightened trade barriers, and increased business subsidies from larger nations. In this new era, the interdependencies and operational reliability
