Promemoria

Etlas publikationer publiceras vanligtvis på finska och engelska.

Promemoria 168

​​Preferential Tax Schemes and High-Skilled Immigration: Lessons for Finland

Kauhanen AnttiRopponen Olli
High-skilled immigration has consistently demonstrated positive effects on firm performance, innovation, and productivity, while generally avoiding adverse impacts on
Promemoria 167

Shifting Forces of Trade – What Does Geopolitical Reordering Mean for Finland?

Wang Maria
The gravity model is one of the most widely used tools in international economics, explaining trade between countries through
Promemoria 166

Finland in the Crosscurrents of Geopolitics and Industrial Policy

Ali-Yrkkö JyrkiKuusi Tero
The era of geoeconomics has brought about the return of industrial policy in Finland and elsewhere. We examine the
Promemoria 165

Searching for the Role of the State – Why Industrial Policy Has Made a Comeback?

Ali-Yrkkö Jyrki
After several decades, Finland has released an industrial policy strategy, joining other European nations such as Germany, Italy, and
Promemoria 164

Bottlenecks in the Development of the Finnish Private Service Sector: How to Accelerate Productivity?

Kuosmanen NataliaKaitila VilleKuusi TeroMaczulskij Terhi
Productivity growth in Finland’s service industries has fallen behind that of peer countries, weakening the economy’s growth potential. This
Promemoria 163

Subsidies, But for What? A Comparative Look at Finland’s Green Subsidies

Wang MariaKässi OttoKuusi Tero
This brief examines environmental and energy-related business subsidies in Finland and compares them with those in other EU countries.
Promemoria 162

Guilty and Not Guilty Industries for Low Economic Growth

Kangasharju Aki
After a difficult start to the 2010s, the rise in the material living standards in Finland started again in
Promemoria 161

Efficiency or National Interest: The Economic Dilemma of EU Defense

Puonti Päivi
The EU’s defence industry is fragmented and inefficient, which hampers the rapid strengthening of military capabilities. For member states,
Promemoria 160

Employer Costs of Sickness Absence: Results and Lessons Learned

Kulvik MarttiKuusi TeroLaurikka AnnuValkonen Tarmo
Sickness absence causes a significant loss of value added for employers and increases production costs. The subject is important
Promemoria 159

Boosting Labour Productivity in Service Sectors with Investments

Kaitila Ville
Labour productivity in service industries in Finland is lower than in peer countries on average. The difference in the
Promemoria 158

Ex-Nokians Eagerly Became Entrepreneurs and Business Angels: Nokia Experience Fueled Rapid Growth of Startups’ Turnovers

Rouvinen PetriBreznitz DanPajarinen Mika
This brief examines entrepreneurship and business angel activity in Finland following the challenges Nokia’s mobile telephony business faced in
Promemoria 157

Public Finance Perspective from Recent Studies on Finnish Pharmaceutical Markets

Jokelainen AnttoMarkkanen JaakkoSiikanen MarkkuToivanen Otto
Petteri Orpo’s government program plans to reform pharmaceutical and pharmacy regulation in Finland. In this memo, we review some
Promemoria 156

The Long-term Effects of Finland’s Recession of the 1990s on Mortality

Maczulskij Terhi
Job loss is one of the most significant negative shocks experienced by an individual. Job loss can lead to
Promemoria 155

US Tariffs Would Seriously Hit the Finnish Economy

Ali-Yrkkö Jyrki
The United States has proposed large tariff increases, which will probably also apply to the EU. The majority of
Promemoria 154

Productivity at its Highest at an Intermediate Intensity of Work from Home

Kangasharju AkiKauhanen AnttiPajarinen MikaRouvinen Petri
We examine the relationship between remote work intensity and labor productivity using a survey of Finnish business leaders conducted
Promemoria 153

The Impact of Economic Crises on Intangible Investments: Why Did Intangible Investment Decline in Finland?

Kässi Otto
This research note examines the impact of economic crises on intangible investments, with a particular focus on why the
Promemoria 152

Finnish Trade Sector Shows Recent Productivity Gains – Future Success Hinges on Intangible Investments

Rouvinen PetriPajarinen MikaAli-Yrkkö Jyrki
We analyze value added, productivity, and tangible and intangible investments in the retail and wholesale trade sectors (hereafter, ”trade”)
Promemoria 151

Corporate Tax Rate Reduction Is More Beneficial Than You Think

Kangasharju Aki
The way economists usually calculate the effects of corporation tax on the economy is flawed. The reduction in corporation
Promemoria 150

Assessment of the Size and Impact of the Data Economy in Finland

Koski HeliAnttila JohannesBjörk AnnaDjakonoff VeraKässi OttoNiemi-Hugaerts HannaPajarinen MikaParkkari Jussi-Pekka
Within the scope of the available register data, the role of data in the economy is best estimated using
Promemoria 149

Databarometer: An International Comparison of the Data Economy

Kässi Otto
This Etla brief introduces a method for comparing the maturity of national data economies using a composite indicator. We
Promemoria 148

Population of Finland, 2025–2070

Alho JuhaValkonen Tarmo
A cohort-component forecast is based on assumptions regarding future fertility, mortality and net migration. In the trend forecast at
Promemoria 147

Innovation-led Pathways to Economic Growth

Koski HeliKuosmanen NataliaKuusi Tero
This brief presents key findings from Etla’s “Innovation-Driven Pathways to Economic Growth” project, which deepen the understanding of the
Promemoria 146

Immigration to Finland: Need, Volume and Effects

Kangasharju Aki
This memorandum summarises recent research findings on the effects of immigration to Finland. Analysed research papers are published mainly
Promemoria 145

Finland Has Good Potential to Succeed in Attracting Foreign Talent

Kauhanen Antti
The number of foreign experts arriving in Finland has been growing in the 2000s. Finland is thus able to

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