Promemoria

Etlas publikationer publiceras vanligtvis på finska och engelska.

Promemoria 159

Boosting Labour Productivity in Service Sectors with Investments

Kaitila Ville
Labour productivity in service industries in Finland is lower than in peer countries on average. The difference in the
Promemoria 158

Ex-Nokians Eagerly Became Entrepreneurs and Business Angels: Nokia Experience Fueled Rapid Growth of Startups’ Turnovers

Rouvinen PetriBreznitz DanPajarinen Mika
This brief examines entrepreneurship and business angel activity in Finland following the challenges Nokia’s mobile telephony business faced in
Promemoria 157

Public Finance Perspective from Recent Studies on Finnish Pharmaceutical Markets

Jokelainen AnttoMarkkanen JaakkoSiikanen MarkkuToivanen Otto
Petteri Orpo’s government program plans to reform pharmaceutical and pharmacy regulation in Finland. In this memo, we review some
Promemoria 156

The Long-term Effects of Finland’s Recession of the 1990s on Mortality

Maczulskij Terhi
Job loss is one of the most significant negative shocks experienced by an individual. Job loss can lead to
Promemoria 155

US Tariffs Would Seriously Hit the Finnish Economy

Ali-Yrkkö Jyrki
The United States has proposed large tariff increases, which will probably also apply to the EU. The majority of
Promemoria 154

Productivity at its Highest at an Intermediate Intensity of Work from Home

Kangasharju AkiKauhanen AnttiPajarinen MikaRouvinen Petri
We examine the relationship between remote work intensity and labor productivity using a survey of Finnish business leaders conducted
Promemoria 153

The Impact of Economic Crises on Intangible Investments: Why Did Intangible Investment Decline in Finland?

Kässi Otto
This research note examines the impact of economic crises on intangible investments, with a particular focus on why the
Promemoria 152

Finnish Trade Sector Shows Recent Productivity Gains – Future Success Hinges on Intangible Investments

Rouvinen PetriPajarinen MikaAli-Yrkkö Jyrki
We analyze value added, productivity, and tangible and intangible investments in the retail and wholesale trade sectors (hereafter, ”trade”)
Promemoria 151

Corporate Tax Rate Reduction Is More Beneficial Than You Think

Kangasharju Aki
The way economists usually calculate the effects of corporation tax on the economy is flawed. The reduction in corporation
Promemoria 150

Assessment of the Size and Impact of the Data Economy in Finland

Koski HeliAnttila JohannesBjörk AnnaDjakonoff VeraKässi OttoNiemi-Hugaerts HannaPajarinen MikaParkkari Jussi-Pekka
Within the scope of the available register data, the role of data in the economy is best estimated using
Promemoria 149

Databarometer: An International Comparison of the Data Economy

Kässi Otto
This Etla brief introduces a method for comparing the maturity of national data economies using a composite indicator. We
Promemoria 148

Population of Finland, 2025–2070

Alho JuhaValkonen Tarmo
A cohort-component forecast is based on assumptions regarding future fertility, mortality and net migration. In the trend forecast at
Promemoria 147

Innovation-led Pathways to Economic Growth

Koski HeliKuosmanen NataliaKuusi Tero
This brief presents key findings from Etla’s “Innovation-Driven Pathways to Economic Growth” project, which deepen the understanding of the
Promemoria 146

Immigration to Finland: Need, Volume and Effects

Kangasharju Aki
This memorandum summarises recent research findings on the effects of immigration to Finland. Analysed research papers are published mainly
Promemoria 145

Finland Has Good Potential to Succeed in Attracting Foreign Talent

Kauhanen Antti
The number of foreign experts arriving in Finland has been growing in the 2000s. Finland is thus able to
Promemoria 144

Generative Artificial Intelligence: Observations from a Fall 2024 Survey

Kauhanen AnttiKässi OttoPajarinen MikaRouvinen PetriVanhala Pekka
Half of Finns have tried generative artificial intelligence (AI). Among the employed, thirty percent have used generative artificial intelligence
Promemoria 143

The Effects of Generative AI Are Not Yet Visible in the Labor Market: Wages in the Most Exposed Occupations Have Rather Risen

Kauhanen AnttiRouvinen Petri
The labor market implications of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) have been discussed since the launch of ChatGPT. So far,
Promemoria 142

Reflections on the Assumptions of Finland’s Population Forecast in the Exceptional Year of 2024

Alho Juha
The updating of the Statistics Finland population forecast occurred in an exceptionally difficult circumstance, in 2024. What would be
Promemoria 141

Economic Impacts of High-Skilled Immigration

Kauhanen AnttiDeVaro Jed
This brief examines the economic impacts of skilled immigration on firms, innovation, and labour markets. Research shows that skilled
Promemoria 140

Economic Impacts of High-Skilled Immigration

Kauhanen AnttiDeVaro Jed
This brief examines the economic impacts of skilled immigration on firms, innovation, and labour markets. Research shows that skilled
Promemoria 139

Suomen listaamattomien yhtiöiden verojärjestelmän rakenne kohdallaan – Yksityiskohtia olisi aihetta pohtia

Ropponen Olli
The purpose of this brief is, on the one hand, to shed light on the key features of the
Promemoria 138

The Role of Foreign Inventors in Finnish Technological Development

Koski Heli
The data on Finnish patent applications filed at the European Patent Office and the United States Patent and Trademark
Promemoria 137

Decentralization Did Not Increase Wage Differences Among Employee Groups

Kauhanen Antti
Recently, Finnish forest industries shifted from sectoral collective bargaining to firm-level bargaining, and the IT services industry shifted to
Promemoria 136

Does AI Displace Work? The Impact of ChatGPT Launch on the Demand for Work

Kässi Otto
We examine the effects of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) on the labor market, specifically focusing on the impact of

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