Publications

Working Papers 127

Service Industries, Capital Intensity, and Labour Productivity

Kaitila Ville
We analyse the development of labour productivity in five service industries in Europe, the United States, and Japan. Vis-à-vis
Briefs 155

US Tariffs Would Seriously Hit the Finnish Economy

Ali-Yrkkö Jyrki
The United States has proposed large tariff increases, which will probably also apply to the EU. The majority of
Briefs 154

Productivity at its Highest at an Intermediate Intensity of Work from Home

Kangasharju AkiKauhanen AnttiPajarinen MikaRouvinen Petri
We examine the relationship between remote work intensity and labor productivity using a survey of Finnish business leaders conducted
Briefs 153

The Impact of Economic Crises on Intangible Investments: Why Did Intangible Investment Decline in Finland?

Kässi Otto
This research note examines the impact of economic crises on intangible investments, with a particular focus on why the
Reports 160

What is Obstructing the Growth of Finnish Companies?

Laurikka Annu
The study examines the relationship between firm size and its management’s subjectively perceived growth constraints and financing limitations. Additionally,
Academic Publications

Micro-level Structural Change Decomposition of Carbon Productivity: Application to Electricity Generation in Finland

Kuosmanen NataliaKuosmanen TimoMaczulskij Terhi
The transition to renewable energy can lead to major structural changes within the energy sector: climate policies encourage the
Academic Publications

Causally-informative analyses of the effect of job displacement on all-cause and specific-cause mortality from the 1990s Finnish recession until 2020: A population registry study of private sector employees

Zellers StephanieAzzi ElissarLatvala AnttiKaprio JaakkoMaczulskij Terhi
Background: Job loss is related to morbidity and mortality, but generation of causal evidence is challenging due to confounding
Working Papers 126

Hiring the First Non-native Worker and Exports

Maczulskij Terhi
This study examines whether non-native workers contribute to firms’ export growth, using matched data spanning nearly three decades and
Academic Publications

Firm Responses to an Interest Barrier: Empirical Evidence

Harju JarkkoKauppinen IlpoRopponen Olli
In this paper, we study the effects of an interest barrier (IB) that was introduced in Finland in 2014
Briefs 152

Finnish Trade Sector Shows Recent Productivity Gains – Future Success Hinges on Intangible Investments

Rouvinen PetriPajarinen MikaAli-Yrkkö Jyrki
We analyze value added, productivity, and tangible and intangible investments in the retail and wholesale trade sectors (hereafter, ”trade”)
Academic Publications

Optimal Resource Allocation: Convex Quantile Regression Approach

Dai ShengKuosmanen NataliaKuosmanen TimoLiesiö Juuso
Optimal allocation of resources across sub-units in the context of centralized decision-making systems such as bank branches or supermarket
Reports 159

Moving Faster towards a Circular Economy: A Review of Policies and Indicators

Kuusela Olli-PekkaRopponen Olli
Finland’s Strategic Programme for a Circular Economy seeks to increase both resource productivity and circular material use rate twofold
Other publications

Productivity Development in the Private Sector Services in Finland and Sweden – What Explains the Differences?

Koski Heli
The level of labor productivity in the Finnish services sector has been lower and growing more slowly than in
Reports 158

Economy at a Standstill: The Problem of High Marginal Tax Rates in Finland

Kuusi TeroKotamäki MauriKirkko-Jaakkola Mikael
Our analysis indicates that high marginal tax rates may diminish economic activity and weaken public finances in Finland. The
Academic Publications

Winners and Losers of Generative AI: Early Evidence of Shifts in Freelancer Demand

Teutloff OleEinsiedler JohannaKässi OttoBraesemann FabianMishkin Pameladel Rio-Chanona R. Maria
We examine how ChatGPT has changed the demand for freelancers in jobs where generative AI tools can act as
Reports 157

The Behavioral Effects of Inheritance, Estate and Gift Taxes

Ropponen Olli
This report examines the behavioral effects of inheritance, estate and gift taxes. It also provides an overview of inheritance,
Books

Industrial Organization Studies on Pharmaceutical Markets

Markkanen Jaakko
This thesis comprises three unpublished essays. The first essay analyzes the effectiveness of consumer choice policies in the Nordic
Other publications

The Effects of Covid-19 Business Subsidies in Finland – Final Report

Ropponen OlliKoski HeliKässi OttoYlhäinen IlkkaMarkkanen Jaakko
This report evaluates the effectiveness of business support measures introduced in Finland in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. It
Working Papers 125

Do Public Subsidy Schemes Foster Innovation and Competitiveness in Energy-Intensive Industries?

Koski HeliWang Maria
This study evaluates the impacts of public subsidies on firms in energy-intensive industries, focusing on R&D subsidies and compensation
Working Papers 124

Immigration and Innovation in Finnish Manufacturing Firms

Maczulskij Terhi
Abstract This study examines the relationship between immigration and firmlevel innovation in the Finnish manufacturing sector. The analysis leverages
Working Papers 123

Passthrough of Retail Price Regulation in the Market for Pharmaceuticals

Markkanen Jaakko
I study the transmission of pharmacy mark-ups to retail prices and the policy between retail markups and Value Added
Briefs 151

Corporate Tax Rate Reduction Is More Beneficial Than You Think

Kangasharju Aki
The way economists usually calculate the effects of corporation tax on the economy is flawed. The reduction in corporation
Briefs 150

Assessment of the Size and Impact of the Data Economy in Finland

Koski HeliAnttila JohannesBjörk AnnaDjakonoff VeraKässi OttoNiemi-Hugaerts HannaPajarinen MikaParkkari Jussi-Pekka
Within the scope of the available register data, the role of data in the economy is best estimated using
Briefs 149

Databarometer: An International Comparison of the Data Economy

Kässi Otto
This Etla brief introduces a method for comparing the maturity of national data economies using a composite indicator. We

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