Publications

Working Papers 126

Hiring the First Non-native Worker and Exports

Maczulskij Terhi
This study examines whether non-native workers contribute to firms’ export growth, using matched data spanning nearly three decades and
Academic Publications

Firm Responses to an Interest Barrier: Empirical Evidence

Harju JarkkoKauppinen IlpoRopponen Olli
In this paper, we study the effects of an interest barrier (IB) that was introduced in Finland in 2014
Briefs 152

Finnish Trade Sector Shows Recent Productivity Gains – Future Success Hinges on Intangible Investments

Rouvinen PetriPajarinen MikaAli-Yrkkö Jyrki
We analyze value added, productivity, and tangible and intangible investments in the retail and wholesale trade sectors (hereafter, ”trade”)
Academic Publications

Optimal Resource Allocation: Convex Quantile Regression Approach

Dai ShengKuosmanen NataliaKuosmanen TimoLiesiö Juuso
Optimal allocation of resources across sub-units in the context of centralized decision-making systems such as bank branches or supermarket
Reports 159

Moving Faster towards a Circular Economy: A Review of Policies and Indicators

Kuusela Olli-PekkaRopponen Olli
Finland’s Strategic Programme for a Circular Economy seeks to increase both resource productivity and circular material use rate twofold
Other publications

Productivity Development in the Private Sector Services in Finland and Sweden – What Explains the Differences?

Koski Heli
The level of labor productivity in the Finnish services sector has been lower and growing more slowly than in
Reports 158

Economy at a Standstill: The Problem of High Marginal Tax Rates in Finland

Kuusi TeroKotamäki MauriKirkko-Jaakkola Mikael
Our analysis indicates that high marginal tax rates may diminish economic activity and weaken public finances in Finland. The
Academic Publications

Winners and Losers of Generative AI: Early Evidence of Shifts in Freelancer Demand

Teutloff OleEinsiedler JohannaKässi OttoBraesemann FabianMishkin Pameladel Rio-Chanona R. Maria
We examine how ChatGPT has changed the demand for freelancers in jobs where generative AI tools can act as
Reports 157

The Behavioral Effects of Inheritance, Estate and Gift Taxes

Ropponen Olli
This report examines the behavioral effects of inheritance, estate and gift taxes. It also provides an overview of inheritance,
Books

Industrial Organization Studies on Pharmaceutical Markets

Markkanen Jaakko
This thesis comprises three unpublished essays. The first essay analyzes the effectiveness of consumer choice policies in the Nordic
Other publications

The Effects of Covid-19 Business Subsidies in Finland – Final Report

Ropponen OlliKoski HeliKässi OttoYlhäinen IlkkaMarkkanen Jaakko
This report evaluates the effectiveness of business support measures introduced in Finland in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. It
Working Papers 125

Do Public Subsidy Schemes Foster Innovation and Competitiveness in Energy-Intensive Industries?

Koski HeliWang Maria
This study evaluates the impacts of public subsidies on firms in energy-intensive industries, focusing on R&D subsidies and compensation
Working Papers 124

Immigration and Innovation in Finnish Manufacturing Firms

Maczulskij Terhi
Abstract This study examines the relationship between immigration and firmlevel innovation in the Finnish manufacturing sector. The analysis leverages
Working Papers 123

Passthrough of Retail Price Regulation in the Market for Pharmaceuticals

Markkanen Jaakko
I study the transmission of pharmacy mark-ups to retail prices and the policy between retail markups and Value Added
Briefs 151

Corporate Tax Rate Reduction Is More Beneficial Than You Think

Kangasharju Aki
The way economists usually calculate the effects of corporation tax on the economy is flawed. The reduction in corporation
Briefs 150

Assessment of the Size and Impact of the Data Economy in Finland

Koski HeliAnttila JohannesBjörk AnnaDjakonoff VeraKässi OttoNiemi-Hugaerts HannaPajarinen MikaParkkari Jussi-Pekka
Within the scope of the available register data, the role of data in the economy is best estimated using
Briefs 149

Databarometer: An International Comparison of the Data Economy

Kässi Otto
This Etla brief introduces a method for comparing the maturity of national data economies using a composite indicator. We
Other publications

Evaluating the Data Economy: Measurement and Impact Assessment

Koski HeliAnttila JohannesBjörk AnnaDjakonoff VeraKässi OttoNiemi-Hugaerts HannaPajarinen MikaParkkari Jussi-Pekka
The report examines the opportunities and challenges of measuring the size, economic significance, and impact of the data economy
Academic Publications

Designing Net Asset-Based Income-Splitting Rules under Dual Income Tax

Kari SeppoRopponen Olli
This article revisits the income-splitting regulations within the Nordic dual income tax framework. These regulations were introduced to counteract
Academic Publications

Effect of Secondary Education on Cognitive and Non-cognitive Skills

Ollikainen Jani-PetteriPekkarinen TuomasUusitalo RoopeVirtanen Hanna
We examine the effects of secondary education on cognitive and non-cognitive skills using admission cutoffs to general secondary schools.
Briefs 148

Population of Finland, 2025–2070

Alho JuhaValkonen Tarmo
A cohort-component forecast is based on assumptions regarding future fertility, mortality and net migration. In the trend forecast at
Reports 156

R&D Activities in the Machinery and Equipment Industry

Ali-Yrkkö JyrkiPajarinen Mika
The machinery and equipment industry accounts for one-third of the R&D activities in the Finnish manufacturing sector. Since 2017,
Briefs 147

Innovation-led Pathways to Economic Growth

Koski HeliKuosmanen NataliaKuusi Tero
This brief presents key findings from Etla’s “Innovation-Driven Pathways to Economic Growth” project, which deepen the understanding of the
Reports 155

Service Offshoring, Productivity and Employment

Maczulskij TerhiKässi Otto
Abstract This study utilizes unique Finnish firm-level microdata on service imports, productivity, and employment during the 2002–2016 period. We

ETLA in social media

ETLA in X

ETLA in Instagram

ETLA in LinkedIn

ETLA in YouTube

ETLA Economic Research

Arkadiankatu 23 B
00100 HELSINKI

+358 (09) 609 900

Contacts

Privacy policy

Cookie Policy