Publications

23.01.2025 Other publications

20.01.2025 Working Papers 125

Do Public Subsidy Schemes Foster Innovation and Competitiveness in Energy-Intensive Industries?

This study evaluates the impacts of public subsidies on firms in energy-intensive industries, focusing on R&D subsidies and compensation

02.01.2025 Working Papers 124

Immigration and Innovation in Finnish Manufacturing Firms

Maczulskij Terhi

Abstract This study examines the relationship between immigration and firmlevel innovation in the Finnish manufacturing sector. The analysis leverages

31.12.2024 Working Papers 123

Passthrough of Retail Price Regulation in the Market for Pharmaceuticals

Markkanen Jaakko

I study the transmission of pharmacy mark-ups to retail prices and the policy between retail markups and Value Added

30.12.2024 Briefs 151

Corporate Tax Rate Reduction Is More Beneficial Than You Think

Kangasharju Aki

The way economists usually calculate the effects of corporation tax on the economy is flawed. The reduction in corporation

18.12.2024 Briefs 150

Assessment of the Size and Impact of the Data Economy in Finland

Koski HeliAnttila JohannesBjörk AnnaDjakonoff VeraKässi OttoNiemi-Hugaerts HannaPajarinen MikaParkkari Jussi-Pekka

Within the scope of the available register data, the role of data in the economy is best estimated using

18.12.2024 Briefs 149

Databarometer: An International Comparison of the Data Economy

Kässi Otto

This Etla brief introduces a method for comparing the maturity of national data economies using a composite indicator. We

18.12.2024 Other publications

Evaluating the Data Economy: Measurement and Impact Assessment

Koski HeliAnttila JohannesBjörk AnnaDjakonoff VeraKässi OttoNiemi-Hugaerts HannaPajarinen MikaParkkari Jussi-Pekka

The report examines the opportunities and challenges of measuring the size, economic significance, and impact of the data economy

16.12.2024 Academic Publications

Designing Net Asset-Based Income-Splitting Rules under Dual Income Tax

Kari SeppoRopponen Olli

This article revisits the income-splitting regulations within the Nordic dual income tax framework. These regulations were introduced to counteract

13.12.2024 Academic Publications

Effect of Secondary Education on Cognitive and Non-cognitive Skills

Ollikainen Jani-PetteriPekkarinen TuomasUusitalo RoopeVirtanen Hanna

We examine the effects of secondary education on cognitive and non-cognitive skills using admission cutoffs to general secondary schools.

13.12.2024 Briefs 148

Population of Finland, 2025–2070

Alho JuhaValkonen Tarmo

A cohort-component forecast is based on assumptions regarding future fertility, mortality and net migration. In the trend forecast at

12.12.2024 Reports 156

R&D Activities in the Machinery and Equipment Industry

Ali-Yrkkö JyrkiPajarinen Mika

The machinery and equipment industry accounts for one-third of the R&D activities in the Finnish manufacturing sector. Since 2017,

11.12.2024 Briefs 147

Innovation-led Pathways to Economic Growth

Koski HeliKuosmanen NataliaKuusi Tero

This brief presents key findings from Etla’s “Innovation-Driven Pathways to Economic Growth” project, which deepen the understanding of the

04.12.2024 Reports 155

Service Offshoring, Productivity and Employment

Maczulskij TerhiKässi Otto

Abstract This study utilizes unique Finnish firm-level microdata on service imports, productivity, and employment during the 2002–2016 period. We

02.12.2024 Briefs 146

Immigration to Finland: Need, Volume and Effects

Kangasharju Aki

This memorandum summarises recent research findings on the effects of immigration to Finland. Analysed research papers are published mainly

27.11.2024 Briefs 145

Finland Has Good Potential to Succeed in Attracting Foreign Talent

Kauhanen Antti

The number of foreign experts arriving in Finland has been growing in the 2000s. Finland is thus able to

27.11.2024 Reports 154

Skilled Foreign Workers in Finland

Kauhanen AnttiMaczulskij TerhiRiukula KristaRopponen Olli

This report deals with foreign talent in Finland. The report begins by discussing Finland’s attractiveness from the perspective of

27.11.2024 Reports 153

Innovation Cooperation and Its Outcomes in Finnish-owned and Foreign-owned Firms

Ali-Yrkkö JyrkiPajarinen MikaYlhäinen Ilkka

This study examines the outcomes of firms’ innovation cooperation activities. Using data from the Community Innovation Survey (CIS), we

27.11.2024 Working Papers 122

Impact of Acquistions by Foreign Companies on Innovation Activities

Ali-Yrkkö JyrkiKauhanen Antti

This study examines the impact of foreign acquisitions on innovation activities in Finnish target firms using comprehensive linked employer-employee

25.11.2024 Academic Publications

Knowledge Spillovers from Superstar Tech Firms: The Case of Nokia

Ali-Yrkkö JyrkiCherif RedaHasanov FuadKuosmanen NataliaPajarinen Mika

Do workers hired from superstar tech ﬁrms contribute to better ﬁrm performance? To address this question, we analyse the

21.11.2024 Academic Publications

Concurrent Trajectories of Objectively Measured Insufficient Recovery and Workload Among a Cohort of Shift Working Hospital Employees: Quantitative Empirical Research

Ropponen AnninaHirvonen MariaKuusi TeroHärmä Mikko

Aim: To investigate concurrent changes in short shift intervals (< 11 h) and workload among hospital employees. Design and

19.11.2024 Working Papers 121

Assessing Early Labor Market Effects of Generative AI – Evidence from Population Data

Kauhanen AnttiRouvinen Petri

This study examines the short-term impact of generative artificial intelligence (GAI) on employment and wages using data covering all

19.11.2024 Briefs 144

Generative Artificial Intelligence: Observations from a Fall 2024 Survey

Kauhanen AnttiKässi OttoPajarinen MikaRouvinen PetriVanhala Pekka

Half of Finns have tried generative artificial intelligence (AI). Among the employed, thirty percent have used generative artificial intelligence

19.11.2024 Briefs 143

The Effects of Generative AI Are Not Yet Visible in the Labor Market: Wages in the Most Exposed Occupations Have Rather Risen