Publications

23.03.2026 Briefs 177

How Does Immigration Affect the Finnish Economy?

Immigration affects the Finnish economy in various ways, including through the labour market, productivity, and public finances. The economic

23.03.2026 Reports 176

Economic Impacts of Immigration: The Structure of Immigration and Integration Play a Determining Role

Kauhanen Antti

The report demonstrates that the economic impacts of immigration are not unequivocally positive or negative, but are decisively influenced

17.03.2026 Reports 175

At the Limits of Taxation: Perspectives on High Marginal Tax Rates in Finland

Kuusi TeroKotamäki MauriKirkko-Jaakkola Mikael

We examine the effects of Finland’s highest marginal income tax rates by integrating traditional analytical frameworks, recent empirical evidence,

16.03.2026 Reports 174

Does Information Sharing Encourage Participation in Education? Final Report on the Letter Mail Experiment and the Outreach Pilot

Karhunen HannuKauhanen AnttiKuhakoski JaniRiukula KristaSuhonen TuomoVanhala PekkaVirtanen Hanna

This study evaluated the effectiveness of two different measures in increasing participation in adult education among adults with low

06.03.2026 Briefs 176

Finland’s Recently Tightened Business Finance Landscape: Particularly Growth-oriented and Innovative Businesses Under Pressure

Kaila MatiasPajarinen MikaRouvinen PetriYlhäinen Ilkka

We analyze recent shifts in the financial conditions of Finnish enterprises, utilizing the European Central Bank’s survey data that

23.02.2026 Briefs 175

Do R&D Spillovers Support Emission Abatement Targets?

Kuosmanen NataliaKuosmanen Timo

Abstract This brief examines how R&D spillovers are associated with firm-level greenhouse gas emissions in Finnish energy-intensive manufacturing. The

23.02.2026 Working Papers 136

Do R&D Spillovers Support Low-carbon Transition? Firm-level Evidence from Finnish Energy-intensive Manufacturing

Kuosmanen NataliaKuosmanen TimoZhou Xun

A structural shift from fossil fuel-based energy systems to renewable, sustainable energy sources critically depends on research and development

18.02.2026 Reports 173

An Evaluation of the 2026 Earnings-Related Pension Reform

Lassila JukkaValkonen TarmoKauppi Eija

This study evaluates the reforms proposed by the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health for the earnings-related pension system

09.02.2026 Briefs 174

Firm Subsidies in the Green Transition

Kässi OttoWang Maria

This policy brief analyses the level and structure of business support measures related to the green transition in Finland

06.02.2026 Books

Growth Leap of Finland and its Businesses: Innovation and Finance Justify Rational Optimism

Maliranta MikaRouvinen Petri

In this book, we examine the roles of innovation and finance in the growth of the Finnish economy and

27.01.2026 Briefs 173

Artificial Intelligence Has Not Impacted Youth Labor Market Outcomes in Finland

Kauhanen AnttiRouvinen Petri

While research by Brynjolfsson et al. (2025) suggests that youth employment in the United States has declined significantly in

27.01.2026 Working Papers 135

AI Has Not Impacted the Youth Labor Market in Finland

Kauhanen AnttiRouvinen Petri

We examine the impact of generative AI on the youth labor market in Finland by replicating the key analyses

20.01.2026 Academic Publications

Assessing the Accuracy of Probabilistic Population Forecasts

Alho JuhaKeilman Nico

Stochastic demographic forecasts indicate to their users the ex ante level of uncertainty to be expected. There are approximately

19.01.2026 Briefs 172

The Societal Costs of Taxation – Policy Recommendations for Finland

Ropponen Olli

This brief examines the societal costs of taxation using international economic research literature and the Marginal Value of Public

19.01.2026 Reports 172

The Societal Costs of Taxation – What Do We Know About the Adverse Effects of Finnish Taxes

Ropponen Olli

This report examines the benefits of different types of taxes in relation to their adverse effects, using a modeling

13.01.2026 Briefs 171

The Impact of Trade Shocks on Innovation Activity in Finnish Firms

Maczulskij Terhi

Previous international research suggests a positive association between improved access to trade market and innovation activity. This policy brief

09.01.2026 Academic Publications

Killers on the Road of Emerging Start-ups – Implications for Market Entry and Venture Capital Financing

Koski HeliKässi OttoBraesemann Fabian

The competitive effects of acquisitions made by large US-based technology companies have come under increased regulatory scrutiny over recent

22.12.2025 Working Papers 134

Global Demand, Local Ideas: The Impact of Trade Shocks on Firm Innovation

Maczulskij Terhi

This paper examines how firms’ innovation activity responds to product- and destination-specific export demand shocks in their export markets.

16.12.2025 Briefs 170

Fiscal Consolidation in Finland: Lessons from International Research and Preconditions for Success

Tervala JuhaPuonti Päivi

Finland’s public finances are chronically in deficit, and the debt-to-GDP ratio continues to rise. The current government has already

16.12.2025 Reports 171

Fiscal Multipliers and the Effects of Consolidation Measures in Finland: Literature Review

Tervala JuhaPuonti Päivi

The chronic fiscal deficits of Finland and the continuous increase of the public debt-to-GDP ratio are likely to require

10.12.2025 Briefs 169

From Networks to Data: Europe’s Competitiveness Challenges in the 6G Era

Koski HeliRouvinen Petri

The focus of next-generation mobile network development has shifted from infrastructure to data, software, and innovation ecosystems. Leading firms

10.12.2025 Reports 170

The Global 5G/6G Race: Regulation, Markets, and Innovation Dynamics