Publications

Reports 149

The Future of Work in the Finnish Food Industry: Analysis of the Operating Environment

Kulvik MarttiBerg-Andersson BirgittaNippala VeeraKiema Ilkka
In this report, we present the current state of the Finnish food industry through statistics and propose perspectives on
Reports 148

The Data Act – Insights into the Affected Markets in Finlands

Koski HeliPajarinen Mika
The Data Act, coming into effect in September 2025, imposes new obligations on manufacturers of connected products and providers
Academic Publications

The Costs of Job Loss and Task Usage: Do Social Tasks Soften the Drop?

Kauhanen AnttiRiukula Krista
Do different tasks shield differently from the scarring effects of job loss? This study examines how the effects of
Academic Publications

Least-cost Decarbonization Pathways for Electricity Generation in Finland: A Convex Quantile Regression Approach

Kuosmanen NataliaKuosmanen TimoMaczulskij TerhiZhou Xun
This study investigates the least-cost decarbonization pathways in the Finnish electricity generation industry in order to achieve the national
Academic Publications

Occupational Mobility of Routine Workers

Maczulskij Terhi
This paper demonstrates that the decline in routine occupations and concurrent rise in abstract occupations are largely due to
Reports 147

Subsidies for Green Transition and Digitalisation in Finland

Kässi Otto
This report examines the allocation of Finland’s green transition and digitalization-related subsidies on an annual basis. The analysis utilizes
Academic Publications

The Impact of an Early Career Shock on Intergenerational Mobility

Kaila MarttiNix EmilyRiukula Krista
Children’s and parent’s incomes are highly correlated, yet little is known about how early career shocks contribute to this
Academic Publications

The Incidence and Effects of Decentralized Wage Bargaining in Finland

Kauhanen AnttiMaczulskij TerhiRiukula Krista
There was a strong push from employers to decentralize wage setting in Finland in the early 2000s. We analyze
Books

Essays in Economics of Education and Migration

Kalmbach Aino
In the first essay, I analyse the effects of changing a student admission system such that it prioritizes admission
Reports 146

Resilience of Companies and Related Factors

Ali-Yrkkö JyrkiKuosmanen NataliaPajarinen MikaYlhäinen Ilkka
This report examines the resilience of firms during crises from two perspectives: their ability to resist crises and their
Briefs 135

Crises and Crisis Resilience – What Do We Know About Them?

Ali-Yrkkö JyrkiKuosmanen NataliaPajarinen MikaYlhäinen Ilkka
The Finnish economy exhibits greater fluctuations than many other countries, which can be attributed, in part, to its relatively
Academic Publications

Privatization in Competitive Environment: Evidence from Finland’s Manufacturing Sector

Lähdemäki Sakari
This paper studies the effects of privatization on establishments/plants operating in Finland's manufacturing sector during 1988–2012, concentrating on operational
Briefs 134

The Key to Finland’s Future Growth: Understanding Intangible Capital as a Whole

Koski HeliPajarinen MikaRouvinen Petri
In this brief, we discuss characteristics and consequences of intangible capital, such as brands and patents. The characteristics of
Briefs 133

How Do Intangible Capital Stocks of Finland, Sweden, and Germany Compare?

Koski HeliPajarinen MikaRouvinen Petri
Investment is an expenditure from which future returns are expected. The portion of past investments that retains potential for
Academic Publications

Cross-country Convergence: To Be or Not to Be, That Is the Question

Lähdemäki Sakari
Can we associate globalization with converging productivity levels of different countries? Are developing countries catching up? This paper provides
Working Papers 116

Education, Gender, and Family Formation

Virtanen HannaSilliman MikkoKuuppelomäki TiinaHuttunen Kristiina
In response to the wide-ranging consequences of falling fertility rates, governments across high-income countries are considering how to increase
Reports 145

The Effects of Covid-related Business Subsidies in Finland

Ropponen OlliKoski HeliKässi OttoValmari NelliYlhäinen IlkkaHirvonen Johannes
This study examines the allocation of business subsidies introduced due to the COVID-19 pandemic to different types of companies.
Working Papers 115

Debt Burden of Job Loss in a Nordic Welfare State

Maczulskij TerhiKanninen OhtoKarhunen HannuTahvonen Ossi
The paper investigates the impact of involuntary job loss on severe debt problems in Finland, where up to 50%
Briefs 132

Agglomeration Effects Exist but Are Limited

Haapamäki TainaRiukula KristaVäänänen Touko
In economics, the regional densification of economic activity is referred to as agglomeration. The effects of agglomeration are often
Reports 144

Agglomeration and Productivity: The Effect of Job-to-job Accessibility on Workers and Establishments

Haapamäki TainaHarjunen OskariKauhanen AnttiKuivalainen VeetiRiukula KristaValmari NelliVäänänen Touko
In economics, the regional densification of economic activity is referred to as agglomeration. The effects of agglomeration are often
Working Papers 114

Least-cost Decarbonization Pathways for Electricity Generation in Finland: A Convex Quantile Regression Approach

Kuosmanen NataliaKuosmanen TimoMaczulskij TerhiZhou Xun
This study investigates the least-cost decarbonization pathways in the Finnish electricity generation industry in order to achieve the national
Working Papers 113

Digitalization and Resilience: Data Assets and Firm Productivity Growth During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Koski HeliFornaro Paolo
This study investigates the impact of firm-level investments in data assets on productivity growth during the COVID-19 pandemic, utilizing
Academic Publications

Going green while getting lean: Decomposing carbon and green total factor productivity?

Kuosmanen NataliaMaczulskij Terhi
While research on carbon productivity is growing rapidly, the role of structural change in green transition remains unexplored due
Academic Publications

Personality and public sector employment in Finland

Maczulskij TerhiViinikainen Jutta
Using long-term Finnish register data on labor market outcomes, we examine how personality traits predict the sorting of individuals

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