DemoGraphics – Population in Pictures

Alho Juha

Abstract

The recent drastic decline of fertility has further worsened the negative intrinsic growth of Finland. The country appears to be on a path towards decline. Net migration has kept the actual growth positive, especially because the migrants are younger than the receiving population. Their fertility has also been markedly higher. However, new data show that the fertility of the recent migrants has declined to the low level of native Finns.

Graphics is used to describe the structure and development of Finland’s population. Short commentaries are associated with each of the approximately thirty figures. Aspects of population development that tend to be ignored in public discussion, are highlighted. Individual’s perspective is emphasized. Technical language is avoided, and there are no mathematical formulas. A short list of demographic terms, a list of suitable references, and details of the Statistics Finland source data, are provided.

Publication info

Results of research
Life course and economic implications of demographic change (LIFECON)
Research groups
Macroeconomy and public finances
Labour market and education
Series
ETLA Working Papers 138
Date
15.04.2026
Keywords
Fertility, Age distribution, Mortality, Migration, Population development, Finland
ISSN
2323-2420, 2323-2439 (Pdf)
JEL
J11, J12, J13
Pages
70
Language
Finnish