---
title: "Hidden Networks: Value Chain Vulnerability and Indirect Sourcing in the Nordic Region"
authors:
  - name: "Ali-Yrkkö, Jyrki"
    url: "https://www.etla.fi/henkilot/ali-yrkko-jyrki/"
    sameAs:
      - "https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2977-6878"
  - name: "Bøegh Nielsen, Peter"
date_published: "2026-09-07"
series: "ETLA Raportit - Reports"
series_number: "181"
issn:
  - "2323-2447"
  - "2323-2455"
jel_codes:
  - "F15"
  - "F52"
language: "en"
publisher: "ETLA Economic Research"
pdf_url: "https://www.etla.fi/wp-content/uploads/ETLA-Raportit-Reports-181.pdf"
keywords:
  - "Value chain"
  - "Tier"
  - "Resilience"
  - "Nordic"
  - "Imports"
  - "Vulnerability"
  - "Indirect"
identifier: "https://www.etla.fi/julkaisut/id/ETLA-Raportit---Reports-181"
abstract: "The findings demonstrate that regional Nordic trade contains significant hidden exposure to non-European markets. On average, 11% of intermediate imports from Nordic neighbors originate from outside Europe at the second tier. A substantial portion of this non-European exposure is concentrated in China (27.1%) and other BRICS+ countries (16.3%), representing a vulnerability that standard trade statistics, based on only direct trade, fail to capture. The methodology provides a framework for future pan-European value chain analysis."
---

# Hidden Networks: Value Chain Vulnerability and Indirect Sourcing in the Nordic Region

**Published:** 2026-09-07  
**Categories:** Rapporter  
**URL:** https://www.etla.fi/sv/publikationer/rapporter/hidden-networks-value-chain-vulnerability-and-indirect-sourcing-in-the-nordic-region/

#### Abstract

The findings demonstrate that regional Nordic trade contains significant hidden exposure to non-European markets. On average, 11% of intermediate imports from Nordic neighbors originate from outside Europe at the second tier. A substantial portion of this non-European exposure is concentrated in China (27.1%) and other BRICS+ countries (16.3%), representing a vulnerability that standard trade statistics, based on only direct trade, fail to capture. The methodology provides a framework for future pan-European value chain analysis.

---

## Additional Information

**Kirjoittajat:** Ali-Yrkkö, Jyrki - Bøegh Nielsen, Peter

**Publication Research:** No

65352

**Kansikuva:** https://www.etla.fi/wp-content/uploads/etla-raportit-reports-181-kansi.jpg

**Lataa Pdf:** https://www.etla.fi/wp-content/uploads/ETLA-Raportit-Reports-181.pdf

**Key Words:** Value chain, Tier, Resilience, Nordic, Imports, Vulnerability, Indirect

**Jel:** F15, F52

**Paivays:** 07.09.2026

**Sivuja:** 18

**Kieli:** en

**Sarja:** ETLA Raportit - Reports

**Sarja Nro:** 181

**Issn:** 2323-2447, 2323-2455 (Pdf)

**Saatavuus:** 2



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