Noter

Etlas publikationer publiceras vanligtvis på finska och engelska.

Noter Publikationer 99

Scenarios for the Development of CO2 Emissions from Households’ Own Transportation

Kaitila Ville
We assess the development of greenhouse gas emissions from households’ own transport, mainly motoring, up until 2050. The share
Noter Publikationer 98

The Prerequisites for Increasing the R&D Activity of Companies in Finland

Ali-Yrkkö JyrkiHalme KimmoDeschryvere MatthiasLehenkari JannePiirainen KalleSuominen Arho
This study focuses on factors affecting companies’ research and development (R&D), Finland as a location for R&D activities, and
Noter Publikationer 97

Does Finland Need R&D Tax Incentives?

Koski HeliFornaro Paolo
In OECD countries, tax subsidies are widely used to increase incentives for companies to invest in research and development.
Noter Publikationer 96

The Finnish Fiscal Policy – A Ship Without an Anchor

Kuusi TeroPuonti PäiviKangasharju Aki
In Finland, ceilings for the central government budget spending are used is to limit the rise of public spending
Noter Publikationer 95

Cost Competitiveness and Export Performance

Kaitila Ville
This brief focuses on the importance of international cost competitiveness of output in Finland, as measured by relative nominal
Noter Publikationer 94

Regional Availability of Post-compulsory Education and Schooling Choices

Virtanen HannaRiukula Krista
School consolidations (school closures, mergers, and expansions) have become an increasingly popular policy measure across Western countries facing decreasing
Noter Publikationer 93

The New Cybersecurity Landscape – How Are Finnish Companies Faring?

Mattila JuriAli-Yrkkö JyrkiSeppälä Timo
Cyber threats are rapidly increasing around the world. In Finland, the amount of data breaches has doubled in a
Noter Publikationer 92

Does Local Bargaining Lead to Larger Wage Increases? The Impact of Decentralization of Collective Bargaining on the Level And Dispersion of Wages

Kauhanen AnttiMaczulskij TerhiRiukula Krista
There has been a strong tendency towards decentralization of collective bargaining in European countries. This means that wage negotiations
Noter Publikationer 91

Let Markets Solve the Climate Crisis

Kangasharju AkiPakarinen SamiSpolander Mikko
Climate change is a fact, but its development and implications can only be directionally anticipated. The COVID-19 crisis shows
Noter Publikationer 90

Carbon-Neutral Finland 2035 Is a Tough Objective

Kaitila Ville
In order to fight the climate change, the European Union and Finland as its member country are seeking carbon
Noter Publikationer 89

Solving Structural Competition Problems Require Changes in EU Merger Regulation

Koski Heli
EU competition law does not effectively address or make it possible to resolve some of the structural competition problems
Noter Publikationer 88

Critical Metals – Competitiveness and Security of Supply

Hernesniemi Hannu
Critical Metals – Competitiveness and Security of Supply
The USA, the EU and Finland have woken up to the fact that certain metals are critical in crises.
Noter Publikationer 87

Corona-shock Hits the Economy – To What Extent Finland Is Dependent on Global Value Chains?

Ali-Yrkkö JyrkiKuusi Tero
Corona-shock Hits the Economy – To What Extent Finland Is Dependent on Global Value Chains?
The spread of Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has caused distortions to global value chains. This report studies how dependent Finnish companies
Noter Publikationer 86

Weak Economic Conditions and the Objective of the Government Programme

Anttonen JetroLehmus MarkkuVihriälä Vesa
The key economic objectives of the current Finnish government are valid only in normal international economic conditions. However, weaker
Noter Publikationer 85

The Labor Market Impacts of the Transport System – A Proposal for an Evaluation Framework

Kauhanen AnttiRiukula KristaMetsäranta Heikki
The labor market impacts of transport system, as well as other so-called wider economic benefits, are debated widely. The
Noter Publikationer 84

CO2 Emissions in Finland 2019–2023 and the Carbon Neutrality Objective

Kaitila Ville
In order to fight the climate change, the European Union and Finland as its member country are seeking carbon
Noter Publikationer 83

Chinese Export Competition Affects the Exports of Firms from Finland

Nilsson Hakkala Katariina
Chinese Export Competition Affects the Exports of Firms from Finland
China’s export competition has decreased the total export value of Finnish firms’ products, primarily through price cuts. Firm-level analysis
Noter Publikationer 82

Deregulation of the Finnish Long-distance Bus Market

Valmari Nelli
Deregulation of the Finnish Long-distance Bus Market
A new law on public transport came into effect in Finland in December 2009. According to the new law,
Noter Publikationer 81

Vocational or General Education? The Effect Upper Secondary Education Track Choice

Virtanen Hanna
Vocational or General Education? The Effect Upper Secondary Education Track Choice
In response to recent technological changes and the worsening outcomes of non-college educated workers, governments around the world are
Noter Publikationer 80

Is the Digital Future Sustainable?

Seppälä TimoMattila JuriRajala Risto
Is the Digital Future Sustainable?
It is predicted that in 2030, the energy consumption of the ICT sector will be 21% of the world’s
Noter Publikationer 79

Government’s Employment Challenge: 75 Percent Employment Rate Target Requires Both Structural Reforms and Better Competitiveness

Kangasharju AkiKauhanen Antti
In the 2019 electoral campaigns, basically all election platforms set a 75 percent employment rate target by the end
Noter Publikationer 78

Analyzing the Transformation of Work and Its Effects on Productivity in the Age of Automatization?

Kuusi TeroKulvik MarttiLaiho MaaritRopponen AnninaVähämäki Maija
Analyzing the Transformation of Work and Its Effects on Productivity in the Age of Automatization?
In this policy brief, we discuss the challenges of measuring productivity effects of automatization in a governmental payment service
Noter Publikationer 77

Challenge: To Raise the Employment Rate

Asplund RitaVanhala Pekka
The government reached its 2019 goal of 72% for the employment rate. Yet, the policymaking arena has already rushed
Noter Publikationer 76

2013 – The Finnish Divergence

Anttonen JetroKuusi TeroLehmus MarkkuOrjasniemi Seppo
In this paper, we use the synthetic control method to analyze the Finnish economic performance after the onset of

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