--- title: "Productivity at its Highest at an Intermediate Intensity of Work from Home" authors: - name: "Kangasharju, Aki" url: "https://www.etla.fi/henkilot/kangasharju-aki/" sameAs: - "https://twitter.com/AkiKangasharju" - name: "Kauhanen, Antti" url: "https://www.etla.fi/henkilot/kauhanen-antti/" sameAs: - "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9506-1241" - "https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=AjYlgDoAAAAJ" - "https://twitter.com/Antti_Kauhanen" - "https://sites.google.com/view/antti-kauhanen/home" - name: "Pajarinen, Mika" url: "https://www.etla.fi/henkilot/pajarinen-mika/" sameAs: - "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9087-5991" - "https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=7sGKgwsAAAAJ" - name: "Rouvinen, Petri" url: "https://www.etla.fi/henkilot/rouvinen-petri/" sameAs: - "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7666-6971" - "https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=qYHEFroAAAAJ" - "https://twitter.com/Petri_Rouvinen" date_published: "2025-03-20" series: "ETLA Muistio - ETLA Brief" series_number: "154" issn: - "2323-2463" jel_codes: - "D22" - "J24" - "J29" - "M54" language: "fi" publisher: "ETLA Economic Research" pdf_url: "https://www.etla.fi/wp-content/uploads/ETLA-Muistio-Brief-154.pdf" identifier: "https://www.etla.fi/julkaisut/id/ETLA-Muistio---ETLA-Brief-154" abstract_translations: en: "We examine the relationship between remote work intensity and labor productivity using a survey of Finnish business leaders conducted in late 2024. The results show a positive but complex relationship between remote work and productivity, which is characterized by an inverted U-shape indicating that moderate levels of remote work are associated with the highest levels of productivity. Thus, a hybrid work model, combining on-site and remote work, is optimal for many companies. Management’s involvement in deciding the location of work and establishing clear remote work policies has an independent positive effect on productivity. The productivity effects of remote work are tied to companies’ and employees’ specific circumstances. Therefore, a company should not allow itself to fall into a random or accidental remote work situation. Instead, management and employees should continuously seek to optimize remote work arrangements for the long-term success of the company. At the very least, discussing the extent and ground rules of remote work should not be taboo." --- # Productivity at its Highest at an Intermediate Intensity of Work from Home **Published:** 2025-03-20 **Categories:** Briefs **URL:** https://www.etla.fi/en/publications/briefs/tuottavuus-korkeimmillaan-etatyon-ollessa-keskimaaraista/ #### Abstract We examine the relationship between remote work intensity and labor productivity using a survey of Finnish business leaders conducted in late 2024. The results show a positive but complex relationship between remote work and productivity, which is characterized by an inverted U-shape indicating that moderate levels of remote work are associated with the highest levels of productivity. Thus, a hybrid work model, combining on-site and remote work, is optimal for many companies. Management’s involvement in deciding the location of work and establishing clear remote work policies has an independent positive effect on productivity. The productivity effects of remote work are tied to companies’ and employees’ specific circumstances. Therefore, a company should not allow itself to fall into a random or accidental remote work situation. Instead, management and employees should continuously seek to optimize remote work arrangements for the long-term success of the company. At the very least, discussing the extent and ground rules of remote work should not be taboo. --- ## Additional Information **Kirjoittajat:** Kangasharju, Aki - Kauhanen, Antti - Pajarinen, Mika - Rouvinen, Petri **Publication Research:** No 65316 **Kansikuva:** https://www.etla.fi/wp-content/uploads/etla-muistio-brief-154-kansi.jpg **Lataa Pdf:** https://www.etla.fi/wp-content/uploads/ETLA-Muistio-Brief-154.pdf **Key Words:** Remote work, Work from home, Labor productivity, Finland, Firm-level analysis **Jel:** D22, J24, J29, M54 **Paivays:** 20.03.2025 **Sivuja:** 20 **Kieli:** fi **Sarja:** ETLA Muistio - ETLA Brief **Sarja Nro:** 154 **Issn:** 2323-2463 **Saatavuus:** 2 ## Bibliographic metadata (JSON-LD) ```json { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "ScholarlyArticle", "@id": "https://www.etla.fi/julkaisut/id/ETLA-Muistio---ETLA-Brief-154", "headline": "Productivity at its Highest at an Intermediate Intensity of Work from Home", "inLanguage": "fi", "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "ETLA Economic Research", "url": "https://www.etla.fi", "logo": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://www.etla.fi/wp-content/uploads/logo-etla_logo.svg" } }, "datePublished": "2025-03-20T00:00:00+00:00", "author": [ { "@type": "Person", "name": "Kangasharju, Aki", "url": "https://www.etla.fi/henkilot/kangasharju-aki/", "sameAs": [ "https://twitter.com/AkiKangasharju" ] }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Kauhanen, Antti", "url": "https://www.etla.fi/henkilot/kauhanen-antti/", "sameAs": [ "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9506-1241", "https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=AjYlgDoAAAAJ", "https://twitter.com/Antti_Kauhanen", "https://sites.google.com/view/antti-kauhanen/home" ] }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Pajarinen, Mika", "url": "https://www.etla.fi/henkilot/pajarinen-mika/", "sameAs": [ "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9087-5991", "https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=7sGKgwsAAAAJ" ] }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Rouvinen, Petri", "url": "https://www.etla.fi/henkilot/rouvinen-petri/", "sameAs": [ "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7666-6971", "https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=qYHEFroAAAAJ", "https://twitter.com/Petri_Rouvinen" ] } ], "abstract": "", "keywords": [ { "@type": "DefinedTerm", "name": "Remote work", "@language": "en" }, { "@type": "DefinedTerm", "name": "Work from home", "@language": "en" }, { "@type": "DefinedTerm", "name": "Labor productivity", "@language": "en" }, { "@type": "DefinedTerm", "name": "Finland", "@language": "en" }, { "@type": "DefinedTerm", "name": "Firm-level analysis", "@language": "en" } ], "isPartOf": { "@type": "PublicationIssue", "issueNumber": "154", "isPartOf": { "@type": "Periodical", "name": "ETLA Muistio - ETLA Brief", "issn": "2323-2463" } }, "mainEntityOfPage": "https://www.etla.fi/en/publications/briefs/tuottavuus-korkeimmillaan-etatyon-ollessa-keskimaaraista/", "url": "https://www.etla.fi/en/publications/briefs/tuottavuus-korkeimmillaan-etatyon-ollessa-keskimaaraista/", "hasPart": { "@type": "CreativeWork", "inLanguage": "en", "text": "We examine the relationship between remote work intensity and labor productivity using a survey of Finnish business leaders conducted in late 2024. 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