Publications

If entrepreneurs are understood to be individuals who perceive new opportunities, introduce them in the market place, and make decisions regarding the organization of production, they may be considered to be the primary source of a society’s economic well-being. If such entrepreneurship is lacking, an economy is necessarily regressive. Measuring such entrepreneurship, which may also

The Evaluation of the Finnish National Innovation System Finland as a whole would benefit from redesigning its policy combination in order to foster the reallocation of its resources to their most productive uses. In redesigning the policy combination due attention should be paid to creative accumulation and creative destruction. It is important that different policies

The Evaluation of the Finnish National Innovation System The objectives in reforming the Finnish education and (public) research sectors are as follows: – Increasing the quality of research. – Streamlining the sectors to reduce fragmentation and overlapping activities. – Increasing internationalization. – Tackling the problem of late graduation. – Enhancing efficient knowledge dissemination from the

The Evaluation of the Finnish National Innovation System We welcome the basic ambition of the broad-based innovation policy. It provides a balance between the supply and demand sides of innovative activity, includes nontechnical innovations, as well as – besides direct economic impact – emphasizes wider societal considerations. Conceptually the new broad-based innovation policy is, however,

The Evaluation of the Finnish National Innovation System There is nothing in the logic of innovation that leads to emphasizing the supply of or the demand for novel ideas. Arguing for either side is misguided. The two sides are complementary. Thus, we welcome the balanced view implied in Finland’s new innovation strategy (Aho et al.,

The Evaluation of the Finnish National Innovation System Innovation and globalization are closely connected. Openness and innovation benefit the society both independently and jointly. Today’s innovative activity is inherently global. Especially small countries are increasingly dependent on global knowledge flows. This poses a challenge to national innovation policies. Furthermore, traditional innovation policies are not easy