Finland

Subsidies to commercial R&D can be given as R&D tax credits or through direct grants. Tax incentives have become an increasingly popular policy tool over the last decades. In this note I discuss the pros and cons of the two forms of subsidies in light of Norway’s experience with R&D policy. I review an ongoing

Nanotechnology has been proposed as the next general purpose technology and engine for growth for the 21th century. Increasing public R&D investments are foremost reflected in the growth of scientific publications, while nanotechnology still is in an uncertain phase of development with various directions of commercialization pending. This paper focuses on the challenge, modes and

This study analyses foreign-owned companies operating in Finland. Between 2001 and 2003 760 foreign companies either established a new site or acquired an existing unit in Finland. The goal of this paper is to study the develop- ment of these units. The results of statistical analyses are two-fold. First, estab- lished foreign-owned units (greenfields) have

The broad context of the study is the main determinants of Finnish-Russian economic relations during the post-Soviet era and the prospects for the future. The study explores the determination of trade as well as foreign direct investment (FDI). The main emphasis is on the structure and development of foreign trade. When measured by the Grubel-Lloyd

This paper provides a brief overview of the Finnish wage bargaining system and its evolution over the past decades into its current mode by drawing on existing documents, reports and analyses. The emphasis is on the changes having occurred in the system’s over-all structure as well as in its main content. Finally attempts are made,

Tuskin mihinkään muuhun teknologian kehittämiseen on sijoitettu maailmanlaajuisesti niin lyhyessä ajassa yhtä paljon julkisia varoja kuin nanoteknologiaan. Nanoteknologialla tarkoitetaan yleensä toiminnallisesti uudentyyppisiin materiaaleihin ja nanomittakaavan (1-100nm) rakenteisiin perustuvien komponenttien ja laitteiden suunnittelemista sekä valmistamista erilaisiin sovelluksiin. Nanoteknologia nähdään geneerisenä, yleiskäyttöisenä teknologiana, jolla uskotaan olevan potentiaalia uudistaa useita teollisuuden aloja ja siten merkittävästi edistää eri maiden