Discussion Papers

The report looks at investment activity in Finland by industries and types of investment, and makes international comparisons. Investment rate (fixed investment in relation to GDP) fell in Finland in the early 1990s from an internationally high level to the average West European rate. Among key factors behind the structural change were opening up of

Selvityksessä arvioidaan kansainvälisen matkustajaliikenteen palveluiden arvonlisäverotuksen käyttöönoton vaikutuksia laiva- ja lentoliikenteen kannattavuuteen ja työllisyyteen Suomesta käsin toimivien yritysten näkökulmasta. Kyseisten palveluiden saattaminen arvonlisäverotuksen piiriin johtaa palveluiden kuluttajahintojen nousuun, tuottajahintojen laskuun sekä yritysten kannattavuuden ja työllisyyden heikkenemiseen. Koska EU-maiden välisen liikenteen arvonlisäverotukseen on tarkoitus soveltaa lähtömaaperiaatetta, vaikutukset riippuvat liikenteen lähtömaiden arvonlisäverokannoista. Selvityksessä arvioidaan euromääräisiä menetyksiä ja

This study analyses those country characteristics, which lead those regions to become as productive operation and innovation environments for firms and research centres. This study shows that those countries who invest wisely to develop their innovation environment will be successful in high technology export markets. In recent years, Finnish high technology exports have declined because

This study conducts an international comparison of productivity and profitability. First, the level and growth of productivity are compared in OECD countries for the period from 1975 to 2009. According to this comparison, productivity growth has been faster in the key Finnish sectors com-pared with Finland’s competitors. One of the main engines of growth since

All practical evaluations of fiscal sustainability that include the effects of population ageing must utilize demographic forecasts. It is well known that such forecasts are uncertain, and that has been taken into account in some studies by using stochastic population projections jointly with economic models. We develop this approach further by introducing regular demographic forecast

In this paper, we study the throughput of multiclass networks featuring several types of flexible servers as well as general constraints both on the number of servers having the same skills and on the number of servers allowed at each station. Each job class is characterized by its processing station, and each station is characterized