Discussion Papers

Finnish university technology transfer is currently caught in the turbulences of major changes in the national innovation system. Three virtually simultaneous changes are of special importance. The first is the massive on-going renewal of the Universities Act governing the Finnish higher education system in its entirety. It was originally initiated to provide universities with more

Subsidies to business sector R&D can be given either as R&D tax credits or direct grants. Majority of the OECD countries use both policy tools, Finland has used only grants. The Finnish support system has been functioning relatively well, but it has been argued that it does not support well enough the small and medium

Tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan toimihenkilöiden välisiä eroja työ- ja palkkaurissa sekä niiden taustalla vaikuttavia tekijöitä. Lisäksi tutkimuksessa kiinnitetään huomiota siihen, missä uravaiheessa merkittävimmät erot syntyvät ja mikä merkitys erilaisilla siirtymillä on palkkakehityksen kannalta. Teoriaosuudessa liitetään työvoiman liikkuvuus perinteiseen inhimillisen pääoman teoriaan sekä yritysten sisäisiä työmarkkinoita käsittelevään kirjallisuuteen. Kuvainnollisessa analyysissä arvioidaan erilaisten urakehitystä määrittävien siirtymien yleisyyttä ja tärkeyttä

Economic interest in innovation policy largely arises from the fundamental importance of innovation to social welfare and from well-known inefficiencies in innovation in a competitive market environment. As a result, a wide variety of public innovation policies are used in practice. This report reviews the economic justifications for public innovation policies and compares the existing

By using new panel data for Finnish banks we study the impact of training on wages and performance. To the best of our knowledge, ours is the first paper to compare explicitly the effects of general and firmspecific workplace training on outcomes for both employees and firms. Unlike much existing literature, we find stronger evidence

Moral hazard means that people with insurance may take greater risks because they know they do not bear the full consequences of their actions. This can occur with both private insurance and social insurance. Deductibles can be used to alleviate the problem. An interesting way to bring deductibles into social insurance is to establish individual