B-series

In the 1990s, Nokia became a leader in the global cell phone market. The stellar growth of Nokia contributed significantly to the Finnish national economy, especially to GDP growth, exports and the R&D system. The first years of the 21st century have witnessed a massive relocation of electronics manufacturing from Europe and the U.S. to

In this study, we review the connection between individuals’ private wealth and their timing of the retirement. The study begins with a review of related international literature. In the second section, we describe how Finnish citizens have responded when asked about the impact of their wealth on the timing of their retirement. In the third

During the past two years, the world has experienced its most severe slump since the Great Depression in the 1930s. The Nordic countries have been hit harder than most other countries. Due to its sharpness and depth, the current global financial and economic crisis has initiated a wide debate on the supposed self-correcting properties of

Global health care issues are driving the public sector into a balancing act between conflicting and complementary forces of inevitable change: an ageing population, the explosion of new therapeutic technologies, a critical shortage of clinical professionals, the desire to improve clinical outcomes, and economic constraints. With respect to technology and economic constraints, the public is

The focus of the research is on economic relations between Finland and the United States as well as their effects on the Finnish economy and Finnish-owned firms. A substantial share of the effects are transmitted through indirect channels. In the beginning the roles of the United States in world output, trade and foreign direct investment

This report analyses the careers of men and women in Finnish manufacturing in 1981–2006. The focus is on three main issues : 1) gender differences in jobs and hierarchical positions in the beginning of the career, 2) gender differences in career development, 3) gender differences in starting wages and wage premiums to changes in hierarchical