We analyse the degree of EU countries’ specialisation in their exports and manufacturing value added using the Herfindahl-Hirschmann index and the degree of structural similarity using the similarity index developed by Finger and Kreinin (1979). We also analyse the convergence of GDP growth rates over time and compare it with export similarity. At the industry […]

A fiscal devaluation is likely to have a small, short lived expansionary effect on employment and GDP, points out a study commissioned by European Comission’s Directorate-General for Taxation and Customs Union, and completed by a consortium of eight European research institutes, including ETLA, the Research Institute of the Finnish Economy.

In Interconnected Economies: Benefiting from Global Value Chains. OECD 2013, p. 23

In Christian Ketels (Ed.), State of the Region Report (pages 126–135). Copenhagen, Denmark: Baltic Development Forum.