The importance of data and different sources of knowledge in the development of new services and products, and further in the creation of new markets, has dramatically increased during the past few decades. This empirical study uses data from 531 Finnish firms to explore the determinants of generation of new data-based products and services. The […]

Bank of Finland Research. Discussion Papers 20/2012

The Ministry of Finance commissioned a report from Etlatieto Ltd on maritime operating conditions, competitiveness and the adaptability of this sector. The competitiveness of cargo ship has significantly improved when mixed-nationality crews were allowed and the Tonnage Tax Act went into force. The use of non-EU seamen reduces the labour costs of a ship by […]

This paper explores the effects of outsourcing on employee well-being through the use of the Finnish linked employer-employee data. The direct negative effect of outsourcing is attributable to greater job destruction and worker outflow. In terms of perceived well-being, the winners in international outsourcing are those who are capable of performing interactive tasks (i.e., managers, […]

We study the effects of compulsory military service in Finland on the conscripts’ future labour market behaviour. This is measured in three ways : first, the time it takes to complete civil education and the level of education acquired; second, how the conscripts will find employment; and third, their wage level. In order to do […]

In this paper we introduce multi-server queueing systems that can be considered as extensions of conventional M/M/s queue to fractional number of servers. We show that the extended Erlang’s delay function can be used to calculate delay probabilities for such systems. This approach enables the delay analysis in networks with fractional number of servers in […]